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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine

seashore lupine

Habit Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, to 2–5 dm, greenish to silver, spreading-villous, especially at nodes, or densely appressed- or spreading-silver-hairy.
Stems

ascending or erect, branched, woody.

prostrate to decumbent, branched, not weak, from woody base.

Leaves

cauline;

stipules 8–12 mm;

petiole 2–3(–6) cm;

leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous.

cauline, often appearing clustered near base first year;

stipules 7–16 mm;

petiole 2–10 cm;

leaflets 5–9, blades 15–35 × 3–9 mm, adaxial surface pubescent.

Racemes

10–30 cm;

flowers whorled or not.

± open, 6–16 cm;

flowers whorled or not.

Peduncles

4–10 cm;

bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm.

4–12 cm;

bracts deciduous, 4–7 mm.

Pedicels

4–10 mm.

4–12 mm.

Flowers

14–18 mm;

calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm;

corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip.

10–16 mm;

calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe 3-toothed or entire, 8–9 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 7–8 mm;

corolla blue to lilac, white, yellow, rose, or purple (sometimes on same plant), banner patch whitish or yellow, or absent, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate.

Legumes

4–7 cm, hairy.

3–4 cm, hairy.

Cotyledons

deciduous, petiolate.

deciduous, petiolate.

Seeds

8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm.

7–12.

2n

= 48.

Lupinus arboreus

Lupinus littoralis

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand.
Elevation 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia.

Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Lupinus littoralis is a prostrate perennial that grows on the ocean bluffs and dunes of western North America. It hybridizes with L. arboreus (K. S. Wear 1998) and probably L. rivularis. It can be distinguished from L. tidestromii by the latter having three leaflets on some leaves and weak stems.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers 10–13 mm; corollas blue to lilac, except banner patch whitish; roots bright yellow; petioles less than 2 times as long as leaflet blades, 3–5 cm; British Columbia to Mendocino County, California.
var. littoralis
1. Flowers 11–16 mm; corollas white, yellow, rose, or purple (often on same plant); roots not yellow; petioles 2 times as long as leaflet blades, 4–10 cm; Sonoma to San Luis Obispo counties, California.
var. variicolor
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus
Sibling taxa
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. littoralis, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
L. adsurgens, L. affinis, L. albicaulis, L. albifrons, L. andersonii, L. angustiflorus, L. antoninus, L. apertus, L. arboreus, L. arbustus, L. arcticus, L. argenteus, L. arizonicus, L. benthamii, L. bicolor, L. brevicaulis, L. breweri, L. cervinus, L. chamissonis, L. citrinus, L. concinnus, L. constancei, L. covillei, L. croceus, L. dalesiae, L. diffusus, L. duranii, L. elatus, L. elmeri, L. excubitus, L. flavoculatus, L. formosus, L. fulcratus, L. gracilentus, L. grayi, L. guadalupensis, L. havardii, L. hirsutissimus, L. huachucanus, L. hyacinthinus, L. kingii, L. kuschei, L. lapidicola, L. latifolius, L. lepidus, L. leucophyllus, L. longifolius, L. ludovicianus, L. luteolus, L. magnificus, L. malacophyllus, L. microcarpus, L. nanus, L. neomexicanus, L. nevadensis, L. nipomensis, L. nootkatensis, L. obtusilobus, L. odoratus, L. onustus, L. oreganus, L. pachylobus, L. padrecrowleyi, L. peirsonii, L. perennis, L. polyphyllus, L. pratensis, L. pusillus, L. rivularis, L. sabineanus, L. sericatus, L. sericeus, L. shockleyi, L. sierrae-blancae, L. sparsiflorus, L. spectabilis, L. stiversii, L. subcarnosus, L. succulentus, L. sulphureus, L. texensis, L. tidestromii, L. tracyi, L. truncatus, L. uncialis, L. villosus, L. westianus
Subordinate taxa
L. littoralis var. littoralis, L. littoralis var. variicolor
Synonyms L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus
Name authority Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) Douglas: Bot. Reg. 14: plate 1198. (1828)
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