Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus littoralis |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
seashore lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, to 2–5 dm, greenish to silver, spreading-villous, especially at nodes, or densely appressed- or spreading-silver-hairy. | ||||
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
prostrate to decumbent, branched, not weak, from woody base. |
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Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline, often appearing clustered near base first year; stipules 7–16 mm; petiole 2–10 cm; leaflets 5–9, blades 15–35 × 3–9 mm, adaxial surface pubescent. |
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Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
± open, 6–16 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
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Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
4–12 cm; bracts deciduous, 4–7 mm. |
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Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
4–12 mm. |
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Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
10–16 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe 3-toothed or entire, 8–9 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 7–8 mm; corolla blue to lilac, white, yellow, rose, or purple (sometimes on same plant), banner patch whitish or yellow, or absent, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate. |
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Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
3–4 cm, hairy. |
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Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
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Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
7–12. |
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2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus littoralis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | |||||
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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w North America
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Lupinus littoralis is a prostrate perennial that grows on the ocean bluffs and dunes of western North America. It hybridizes with L. arboreus (K. S. Wear 1998) and probably L. rivularis. It can be distinguished from L. tidestromii by the latter having three leaflets on some leaves and weak stems. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |||||
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Douglas: Bot. Reg. 14: plate 1198. (1828) | ||||
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