Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus leucophyllus |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
velvet lupine, white-leaf poison or velvet lupine, woolly-leaf lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, 4–9 dm, white-woolly and long-stiff-hairy. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
erect, clustered, unbranched or branched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline, some clustered at base; stipules 6–15 mm; petiole 3–20 cm; leaflets 6–11, blades 30–90 × 6–19 mm, adaxial surface pubescent. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
8–30 cm; flowers dense, spiciform. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
2–8 cm; bracts usually persistent, 3–12 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
stout, 1–2 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
10–13 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 3–8 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 3–6 mm; corolla lavender or purple to yellowish, often turning brown, banner patch yellow to brown, banner not much reflexed-recurved beyond midpoint, this less than 3 mm proximal to apex, banner densely hairy abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate throughout. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
2–3.6 cm, hairy. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
3–6, mottled gray-tan. |
2n | = 48. |
= 24, 48. |
Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus leucophyllus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Grassy hillsides, sagebrush flats, glades and meadows. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 500–2000 m. (1600–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus leucophyllus is known from southern British Columbia southward to northern California and eastward to western Montana, western Wyoming, and northwestern Colorado. It is considered toxic, and can form very dense stands. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. canescens, L. canescens subsp. amblyophyllus, L. cyaneus, L. eatonianus, L. enodatus, L. erectus, L. falsoerectus, L. forslingii, L. holosericeus var. amblyophyllus, L. leucophyllus var. belliae, L. leucophyllus var. canescens, L. leucophyllus subsp. erectus, L. leucophyllus var. plumosus, L. leucophyllus var. retrorsus, L. leucophyllus var. tenuispicus, L. macrostachys, L. plumosus, L. retrorsus, L. tenuispicus |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Douglas ex Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1124. (1828) |
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