Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus kuschei |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
kusche's lupine, Yukon lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, 1.5–5(–6) dm, densely silky-sericeous. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
decumbent to erect, few to several-tufted, unbranched or branched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
mostly basal with 3 or 4 cauline; stipules not leaflike, green to silvery, 8–12 mm; basal petioles 4–7 cm, proximal cauline petioles 3.5–15 cm, distal ones 2–3.5 cm; leaflets 5–9, blades 15–70 × 3–8 mm, surfaces densely pubescent, adaxially less pubescent and greener. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
3–10(–12) cm; flowers in 3–6 whorls. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
2.5–7(–13) cm; bracts subpersistent, 4–10 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
2–5(–7) mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
10–13 mm; calyx slightly gibbous adaxially near base, bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe 3-lobed, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-lobed, 4–6 mm; corolla blue to purple, banner spot light yellow, banner with inconspicuous hairs abaxially, adaxial keel glabrous or with a few cilia along adaxial edges towards tip, keel upcurved. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
1.5–3 cm, silky-pilose. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
4–6. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus kuschei |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Mesic to dry, sandy, gravelly, or rocky openings, lodgepole pine forests, alpine pumice fields. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 80–2600 m. (300–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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AK; BC; YT |
Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus kuschei is of conservation concern in Alaska; it is known from southern Alaska to northern British Columbia and the Yukon Territory. Lupinus kuschei may prove to be a hybrid between L. arcticus and L. sericeus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. jacobandersonii, L. porsildianus, L. sericeus var. kuschei |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 3: 170. (1942) |
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