Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus kingii |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
King's lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, annual, 1–2.5(–4) dm, pilose, hairs soft, flexuous, more than 1 mm. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
ascending or erect, usually branched, sometimes unbranched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules well developed; petiole 1.3–3.3 cm; leaflets (3 or)4–7, blades 7–20(–24) × 3–5 mm, adaxial surface pubescent. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
dense, several-flowered, 1–3 cm; flowers spirally arranged. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
(1–)3–6 cm; bracts persistent, 3–4 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
0.8–2 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
5–9 mm; calyx 7–8 mm, adaxial lobe more than 1/2 as long as abaxial; corolla usually blue with pale banner patch, sometimes entirely white, keel glabrous. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
not obviously undulate, 0.9–1.3 cm, sparsely or densely pilose. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
persistent on young plants, becoming dry and deciduous, sessile. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
2. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus kingii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering late spring–summer (late May–Aug). |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Dry open places in ponderosa pine forests, pine-oak transition and upper edge of pinyon-juniper woodland. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 1200–3000 m. (3900–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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AZ; CO; NM; NV; UT; WY
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. argillaceus, L. capitatus, L. kingii var. argillaceus, L. sileri |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 534. (1873) |
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