Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus hyacinthinus |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
hyacinth lupine, San Jacinto lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, 4–10 dm, gray becoming green, sparsely hairy. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
erect, unbranched or branched distally. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules not leaflike, green to silvery, 5–16 mm; petiole 3–6 cm; leaflets 7–12, blades 30–80 × 4–8 mm, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
4–22 cm; flowers ± whorled. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
3–12 cm; bracts deciduous, 5–9 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
2–6 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
13–16 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire or 3-toothed, 7–11 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 6–10 mm; corolla light blue to purple, banner patch yellowish to white, banner glabrous abaxially, keel upcurved, glabrous, banner ovate, wings wide, covering keel tip. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
3–4 cm, silky. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
3–7, beige, speckled brown, 4–6 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus hyacinthinus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Dry slopes, under yellow pines and white fir. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 2000–3500 m. (6600–11500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus hyacinthinus is found in southern California in the San Gabriel, San Jacinto, and Santa Rosa mountains and on the Sierra San Pedro Mártir in Baja California. It is distinguished from its close relatives by its larger flowers in combination with green (versus gray or dull green) leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. albicaulis var. hyacinthinus, L. andersonii var. sublinearis, L. formosus var. hyacinthinus |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Greene: Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 85. (1910) |
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