Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus hirsutissimus |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
stinging annual lupine, stinging lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, annual, 2–10 dm, with short, appressed, stiff, pustulate, stinging hairs to 3.5 mm. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
ascending or erect, branched or unbranched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; petiole 4–9 cm; leaflets 5–8, blades 20–50 × 10–20 mm, adaxial surface hirsute. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
15–40 cm; flowers spirally arranged. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
5–8 cm; bracts usually persistent, 4–5 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
2–5 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
12–18 mm; calyx 6–10 mm, lobes ± equal, abaxial lobe entire, adaxial lobe deeply cleft; corolla deep pink to magenta, drying purplish, banner spot white becoming magenta, lower keel margins densely ciliate from middle to near claw. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
2–4 cm, coarsely hairy. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
3–6. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus hirsutissimus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Dry, rocky areas, burns. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 0–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus hirsutissimus occurs in the central and southern coast regions into the adjacent mountains and Channel Islands. Plants are often greater than one meter in height after fires. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Bentham: Trans. Hort. Soc. London, ser. 2, 1: 411. (1835) |
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