Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus havardii |
|
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
Big Bend bluebonnet |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, annual, 1–6 dm, ascending- or appressed-villous. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
ascending or erect, usually branched, sometimes unbranched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline, often crowded near base; petiole 2–9 cm, ascending- or appressed-pubescent; leaflets (5 or)7, blades 10–20 × 5–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrate. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
18–45 cm; flowers well spaced, usually spirally arranged. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
5.5–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 4–5 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
5–7 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
10–13(–15) mm; calyx 6–7 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 6 mm, adaxial lobe 3-cleft, 4 mm; corolla bright violet-blue, banner spot creamy or yellow, keel glabrous. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
3.5–5 cm, villous. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
usually persistent, usually inconspicuous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
6–8. |
2n | = 48. |
= 36. |
Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus havardii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering late winter–early spring. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Limestone or igneous basins, flats, drainages, gravelly, sandy or silty soils, creosote-lechuguilla shrublands, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 600–1400 m. (2000–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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TX; Mexico (Chihuahua) |
Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus havardii is known from the trans-Pecos region of Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 369. (1882) — (as havardi) |
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