Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus gracilentus |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
green slender lupine, slender lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, 2–8 dm, green, puberulent to hairy. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
erect or slightly spreading, clustered, unbranched or branched distally. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 10–15 mm; proximal petioles (3–)5–14 cm, distal ones (1–)2–4 cm; leaflets 5–8, blades 35–80 × 2–5 mm, adaxial surface pubescent. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
6–20 cm; flowers in 4–8 distinct whorls. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
6–12 cm; bracts semideciduous, 4–10 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
2–4 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
8–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe 2 or 3-toothed or entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 7 mm; corolla blue, banner patch white to yellowish, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial keel sparsely ciliate. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
2–3 cm, densely hairy. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
6–8. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus gracilentus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Open moist sites, subalpine forests. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 2500–3500 m. (8200–11500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA |
Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus gracilentus is known from the southern Sierra Nevada (Rock Creek) in Inyo and Mono counties northward to Yosemite National Park. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Greene: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 365. (1893) |
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