Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus elmeri |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
Elmer's lupine, south fork mountain lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, 6–9 dm, green, hairy. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
erect, branched distally, emerging from ground stout, red. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline; stipules 6–20 mm; petiole 1–7 cm; leaflets 6–8(–10), blades (15–)38–61 × 8–13 mm, adaxial surface green, ± puberulent to short-villous. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
15–20 cm; flowers not whorled. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
3–9 cm; bracts ± persistent, 7–14 mm (conspicuously longer than buds). |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
2–6 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
8–14 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe 3-toothed, 6–10 mm, adaxial lobe notched, 7–9 mm; corolla pale yellow, banner glabrous abaxially, keel upcurved, glabrous. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
2.5–5 cm, hairy. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
3–6. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus elmeri |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Open areas in red fir forests. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | (1300–)1500–2000 m. ((4300–)4900–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA |
Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus elmeri is known from South Fork Mountain in Humboldt and Trinity counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. sylvestris, L. albicaulis var. sylvestris |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Greene: Pittonia 3: 159. (1897) |
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