Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus duranii |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
Mono Lake lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, 0.5–1.2 dm, robust, tufted, shaggy. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
erect, branched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
basal; stipules 6–11 mm; petiole (2–)3–6(–8) cm; leaflets 5–8, blades 5–20 × 5–8 mm, adaxial surface pubescent. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
crowded, 2–6 cm; flowers whorled. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
3–7 cm; bracts ± deciduous, 4–5 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
(2–)4–5 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
8–11 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe ± entire, 6–7 mm, adaxial lobe deeply 2-toothed, 5–7 mm; corolla violet, banner patch cream or white, keel ± straight, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin usually glabrous. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
1–2 cm, appressed-villous. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
3–5, white. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus duranii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Dry volcanic pumice, gravel, Great Basin scrub, subalpine and montane coniferous forests. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 2000–3000 m. (6600–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus duranii is known only from the eastern Sierra Nevada in Mono County. Reports of it from Madera County are questionable. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. tegeticulatus var. duranii |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 251. (1940) — (as durani) |
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