Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus covillei |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
shaggy lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm, strigose to shaggy-pubescent. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
erect, clustered, unbranched or branched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline, yellow-green; stipules 12–30 mm; proximal petioles 5–10 cm, distal ones 2 cm; leaflets 4–9, blades 30–110 × 5–11 mm, adaxial surface villous, hairs greater than 1 mm. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
2–6 cm, usually exceeding leaves; flowers spirally arranged or whorled. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
2–6 cm; bracts persistent, 7–15 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
2–5 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
10–14 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire or 3-toothed, 6–11 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 6–8 mm; corolla light blue, banner patch yellow, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin sparsely ciliate ± middle to tip. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
2.5–4 cm, woolly. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
4–6, beige, mottled dark, 3–4 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus covillei |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Depressions, meadow edges, moist, rocky slopes, subalpine forests. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 2500–3500 m. (8200–11500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA |
Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus covillei is known from Tuolumne County southward to Tulare County and eastward into Mono County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. dasyphyllus, L. gracilentus var. covillei |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | Greene: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 365. (1893) |
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