Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus constancei |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
Lassics lupine, lassicus lupine, The Lassics lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, perennial, less than 1.5 dm, matted, long-shaggy-hairy. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
± prostrate, branched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline, clustered near base; stipules less than 6 mm; petiole 6–8(–14) cm; leaflets 6 or 7, blades 10–20 × 8–10 mm, adaxial surface pubescent. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
dense, 3–5 cm, usually exceeding leaves; flowers whorled. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
1.5–4 cm; bracts deciduous, 2.5–3 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
1–4 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
8–12 mm, in 5–12 whorls; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 4–5 mm, adaxial lobe notched, 4–5 mm; corolla pink, banner patch light yellow, keel dark rose, white at claw, banner glabrous abaxially, strongly reflexed, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
1.5–2.5 cm, shaggy. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
3–5, tan. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus constancei |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Jul. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Serpentine barrens in openings of lower montane conifer forests. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 1500–2000 m. (4900–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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CA |
Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus constancei is known from only two populations in the Lassics Range (Inner North Coast Range) in southeastern Humboldt and northwestern Trinity counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | L. lepidus var. constancei |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | T. W. Nelson & J. P. Nelson: Brittonia 35: 180, fig. 1. (1983) |
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