Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus breweri |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
Brewer's lupine, Matted lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, to 2 dm, matted or tufted, silvery-silky. | ||||||||
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
prostrate, branched, base ± woody. |
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Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline, clustered near base; stipules 2–5 mm; petiole 1–5(–6) cm; leaflets 5–10, blades 3–20 × 2–6 mm, adaxial surface pubescent. |
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Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
dense, 1–10 cm; flowers whorled. |
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Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
1–3(–8) cm; bracts deciduous, 3–5 mm. |
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Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
1–3(–4) mm. |
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Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
4–11 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire or 3-toothed, 4–6 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 4–7 mm; corolla blue to violet, banner patch white or yellow, banner glabrous or densely hairy abaxially, keel straight, abaxial margins glabrous, adaxial margin glabrous or ciliate. |
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Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
1–2 cm, silky. |
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Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
deciduous, petiolate. |
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Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
3 or 4, mottled tan, brown, 3–4 mm. |
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2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus breweri |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||||||
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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w United States
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |||||||||
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 334. (1868) | ||||||||
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