Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus brevicaulis |
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coastal bush lupine, tree lupine, yellow bush lupine |
sand lupine, short stem blue lupine, short-stem lupine |
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Habit | Shrubs, usually 5–20 dm, green-glabrous or silver-hairy. | Herbs, annual, usually less than 1 dm, pubescent, hairs more than 1 mm. |
Stems | ascending or erect, branched, woody. |
very short, tufted, branched. |
Leaves | cauline; stipules 8–12 mm; petiole 2–3(–6) cm; leaflets 5–12, blades 20–60 × 3–10 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
cauline, crowded near base; stipules well developed; petiole 1–6 cm; leaflets (3 or)5–9, blades 8–20 × 2–9 mm, adaxial surface glabrous. |
Racemes | 10–30 cm; flowers whorled or not. |
dense, 3–16-flowered, 1–8 cm; flowers spirally arranged, crowded. |
Peduncles | 4–10 cm; bracts deciduous, 8–10 mm. |
1–8(–10) cm; bracts persistent, straight, 2–3 mm. |
Pedicels | 4–10 mm. |
0.3–1.5 mm. |
Flowers | 14–18 mm; calyx bulge or spur 0–1 mm, abaxial lobe entire, 5–7 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 5–9 mm; corolla usually yellow, rarely lilac to purple, banner patch darker or not or white, banner glabrous abaxially, lower keel margins glabrous, adaxial margin ciliate from claw to tip. |
6–8 mm; calyx abaxial lobe entire or shallowly cleft, ± 6 mm, adaxial lobe 2-toothed, 3 mm, less than 1/2 as long as abaxial; corolla bright blue, banner spot white or yellow, keel glabrous. |
Legumes | 4–7 cm, hairy. |
not undulate, 1 cm, thinly pilose to coarsely hirsute. |
Cotyledons | deciduous, petiolate. |
persistent, disclike, sessile. |
Seeds | 8–12, black to tan, often striped lighter, 4–5 mm. |
1 or 2, smooth. |
2n | = 48. |
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Lupinus arboreus |
Lupinus brevicaulis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Coastal bluffs, dunes, disturbed sand. | Sandy washes, open areas, grasslands, pinyon pine-juniper forests, creosote bush scrub, mesquite. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 300–2400 m. (1000–7900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California) [Introduced in South America (Argentina, Chile), Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (including Tasmania)]
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AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; OR; UT; WY; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
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Discussion | Lupinus arboreus is known from the central California coast southward to northern Baja California; it was introduced as a sand binder and has become naturalized in northern California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. Lupinus arboreus grades into L. rivularis in the North Coast of California. Plants with yellow petals and sweet-smelling flowers are widely cultivated as a sand binder. Hairier plants from the western San Francisco Bay area with yellow banners and blue wings have been called var. eximius; plants with glabrous leaflets and purple petals have been called L. propinquus. Lupinus arboreus hybridizes with L. littoralis and probably other species. Seeds of L. arboreus species are toxic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lupinus brevicaulis resembles L. flavoculatus except that its flowers are smaller. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lupinus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. arboreus var. eximius, L. propinquus | |
Name authority | Sims: Bot. Mag. 18: plate 682. (1803) | S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 53, plate 7, figs. 1–4. (1871) |
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