Ludwigia spathulata |
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa |
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southern water purslane, spoon primrose-willow |
globefruit primrose-willow, round-pod water-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs creeping and rooting at nodes, often forming mats. | Herbs often with prominent aerenchyma when base submerged, forming stolons 20–90 cm, 2–3.5 mm thick, floating, sometimes branched. |
Stems | prostrate or decumbent and ascending distally, slightly ridged, well branched, 10–40cm, densely strigillose throughout. |
erect, slightly ridged, well branched, (40–)60–110 cm, densely strigillose or glabrous. |
Leaves | opposite; stipules narrowly deltate or ovate, 0.05–0.15 × 0.05–0.1 mm; petiole very narrowly winged, 0.3–0.9 cm, blade elliptic-spatulate or narrowly so, 0.9–1.7 × 0.3–0.9 cm, base attenuate, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces strigillose; bracts not reduced except at branch tips. |
alternate; stipules lanceolate-deltate, 0.1–0.4 × 0.1–0.2 mm; stolons: petiole ± winged, 0.1–0.3 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, 0.9–3 × 0.4–0.8(–1.3) cm, base attenuate, margins subentire with hydathodal glands, apex acute or obtuse; stems: petiole 0.1–0.4(–1) cm, blade narrowly elliptic or lanceolate to sublinear, on main stem (2.6–)6–10 × 0.5–1.1(–1.6) cm, on branches 2–5(–6) × 0.3–0.5(–0.6) cm, base attenuate or narrowly cuneate, margins entire with hydathodal glands mainly on primary cauline leaves, apex acute to very narrowly acute, surfaces glabrous or densely strigillose; bracts not much reduced. |
Inflorescences | leafy spikes or racemes, flowers usually paired in leaf axils; bracteoles attached at base of ovary or on short pedicel, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, 0.2–0.8 × 0.05–0.2 mm, apex acute, often obscured by hairs. |
open, leafy racemes, more congested on branches, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles attached in subopposite pairs near base of ovary, usually linear to very narrowly lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.1–0.3 mm, apex acuminate. |
Flowers | sepals ascending, pale green, broadly ovate-deltate, 1–1.7 × 1.1–1.7 mm, margins entire, apex acuminate, surfaces densely strigillose; petals 0; filaments translucent, 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.2–0.4 × 0.3–0.5 mm; pollen shed singly; ovary oblong-obovoid, 4-angled to subterete, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm; nectary disc elevated 0.1–0.2 mm on ovary apex, yellowish green, 0.7–0.9 mm diam., 4-lobed, glabrous; style yellowish green, 0.3–0.5 mm, glabrous, stigma pale yellow, capitate, 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm, not exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals ascending, yellow or cream adaxially, ovate-deltate, 2–3.5(–4) × 1.6–3(–3.3) mm, margins entire, apex acuminate, surfaces glabrous or densely strigillose; petals 0; filaments yellow, 1–1.7 mm, slightly dilated toward base, anthers 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.7 mm; pollen shed in tetrads; ovary broadly obovoid or cup-shaped, 1.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm; nectary disc elevated 0.4–0.6 mm on ovary apex, bright yellow, 1.5–3 mm diam., 4-lobed, glabrous or short-hirtellous between lobes; style yellow, 0.6–1(–1.3) mm, glabrous or strigillose proximally, stigma yellow, capitate to subglobose, 0.3–0.5 × 0.4–0.7 mm, not exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | oblong-obovoid, subterete, 2.5–4(–4.5) × 1.5–2.5 mm, thin-walled, seeds often visible on exocarp as small bumps, irregularly dehiscent or dispersing as unit, pedicel 0–0.5 mm. |
sometimes tinged pink, subglobose, subterete, 2–4(–4.5) × 2–4 mm, hard-walled, irregularly dehiscent, pedicel 0.5–1.2(–2.3) mm. |
Seeds | dark reddish brown, ellipsoid, 0.5–0.7 × 0.4–0.5 mm, surface cells transversely elongate. |
brown to light brown, elliptic, 0.4–0.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm, surface cells transversely elongate to seed length, sometimes oblique. |
2n | = 32. |
= 32. |
Ludwigia spathulata |
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | |
Habitat | Drainage ditches, shores of slow-moving streams or ponds, marshes, swales, swamp forests, edges of limestone sinks, peaty bogs in pastures, interdunal marshes. | |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; LA; MA; MD; MI; MS; NC; NJ; NY; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Flowers May–Sep. Ditches, swales, edges of ponds, lakes, sinks, swamps, sandy river bars, dried seasonal ponds, disturbed low savannas; of conservation concern; 0–200 m; Ala., Fla., Ga., S.C. The tetraploid Ludwigia spathulata is relatively uncommon and occurs primarily on the Gulf Coastal Plain in the panhandle of Florida, southern Alabama, and southwestern Georgia. Outlying populations have also been collected in transitional areas between the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont in South Carolina and Georgia. With its small apetalous flowers, L. spathulata is modally autogamous and shows low morphological variability. Its strongest affinities appear to be with L. palustris, with which it shares a genome (C. I. Peng 1988, 1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa has its primary distribution along the Atlantic coastal plain, from Massachusetts to north-central Florida, and west along the Gulf coastal plain sporadically to southeastern Texas. Disjunct populations occur in south-central Tennessee, extreme southwestern Indiana, along Lake Michigan in northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana, and in west-central New York. In Michigan, L. sphaerocarpa is known from Allegan and Berrien counties, as reported by Reznicek and Voss in the Michigan Flora (https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=1757). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Isnardia spathulata | Isnardia sphaerocarpa, L. sphaerocarpa var. deamii, L. sphaerocarpa var. jungens, L. sphaerocarpa var. macrocarpa |
Name authority | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 526. (1840) | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 213. (1817) |
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