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false loosestrife, many-fruit water-primrose, manyfruit primrose-willow

Habit Herbs slender, with well-developed aerenchyma on submerged stems, forming stolons 2.5–15(–22) cm, 1–2.3 mm thick, well branched.
Stems

erect or ascending, slightly ridged, well branched, (10–)25–60(–85) cm, glabrate with raised ± strigillose lines decurrent from leaf axils.

Leaves

alternate;

stipules narrowly to broadly ovate, 0.1–0.4 × 0.1–0.3 mm;

stolons: leaves often clustered near apex of stolon, petiole 0–0.5 cm, blade narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 0.8–2(–3.2) × 0.2–0.8(–1.2) cm, base attenuate, margins entire or remotely denticulate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous;

stems: petiole winged, 0.1–1 cm, blade very narrowly oblong-elliptic, 3.5–11 × 0.4–1(–1.7) cm, base very narrowly cuneate or long-attenuate, margins entire and densely, minutely papillose-serrulate with obscure hydathodal glands, apex narrowly acute or acuminate, surfaces glabrous;

bracts not much reduced.

Inflorescences

elongated, leafy spikes, flowers solitary in leaf axils, sometimes borne almost to base of stems;

bracteoles attached 0.5–2.5(–3) mm distal to base of ovary, linear-lanceolate, 3.5–6.5(–8) × 0.

Flowers

sepals spreading horizontally with reflexed tips, pale green, narrowly ovate-deltate, 2.5–4.5 × 1.5–3.2 mm, margins entire, minutely papillose-serrulate, apex elongate-acuminate, surfaces glabrous;

petals 0;

filaments yellowish green, 0.7–1.5 mm, base dilated, anthers 0.5–0.9 × 0.5–0.7 mm;

pollen shed in tetrads;

ovary oblong, barely 4-angled, 3–4.5 × 2–3.5 mm;

nectary disc elevated 0.5–0.8 mm on ovary apex, yellowish green, 1.8–3 mm diam., 4-lobed, glabrous;

style yellowish green, 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous, stigma broadly clavate to subglobose, 0.4–0.8 × 0.3–0.6 mm, usually 4-lobed, not exserted beyond anthers.

Capsules

oblong-obovoid, obscurely 4-angled, 4–7 × 2.5–5 mm, hard-walled, irregularly dehiscent, pedicel 0.1–0.3 mm.

Seeds

light brown, narrowly oblong with curved ends, 0.5–0.6 × 0.2–0.3 mm, surface cells elongate parallel to seed length.

4

–1(–1.3) mm, with a swollen base, margins minutely papillose-serrulate.

2n

= 32.

Ludwigia polycarpa

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Ditches, moist prairies, alluvial ground of ponds, lakes, and rivers, marshes, swales, edges of lagoons, low fallow fields.
Elevation 100–300 m. (300–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MI; MN; MO; NE; OH; PA; VA; WI; WV; ON
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Ludwigia polycarpa, unlike all other species in sect. Isnardia, is distributed primarily in the central Midwest and Great Lakes regions, with one highly disjunct population recorded from Kootenai County, Idaho, which is presumably introduced. This species has also been found scattered as far east as Connecticut and Massachusetts, and reports of it from Arkansas, Maine, Tennessee, and Vermont cannot be confirmed. As indicated by C. I. Peng (1989), a report of this species from Alabama involved a natural hybrid between L. glandulosa and L. pilosa.

The basal stolons formed by Ludwigia polycarpa tend to be shorter, more condensed, and more branched than those found in other species, and may be a morphological adaptation to perennial survival in the colder areas in which it grows.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Isnardia
Sibling taxa
L. alata, L. alternifolia, L. arcuata, L. bonariensis, L. brevipes, L. curtissii, L. decurrens, L. erecta, L. glandulosa, L. grandiflora, L. hexapetala, L. hirtella, L. lanceolata, L. leptocarpa, L. linearis, L. linifolia, L. maritima, L. microcarpa, L. octovalvis, L. palustris, L. peploides, L. peruviana, L. pilosa, L. ravenii, L. repens, L. simpsonii, L. spathulata, L. sphaerocarpa, L. suffruticosa, L. virgata
Synonyms Isnardia polycarpa
Name authority Short & R. Peter: Transylvania J. Med. Assoc. Sci. 8: 581. (1835)
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