Ludwigia peploides |
Ludwigia erecta |
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creeping water primrose, floating primrose-willow, marsh purslane |
yerba de jicotea |
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Habit | Herbs or emergent aquatics, rooting at nodes, sometimes with fleshy, white pneumatophores at submerged nodes. | Herbs annual, rarely persistent a second year from woody base. | ||||||||
Stems | floating or creeping and ascending to erect, terete, 10–100(–300) cm, simple or branched, glabrous or sparsely to densely villous, hairs sometimes viscid on emergent distal stem. |
erect, 4-angled, rarely 4-winged, sometimes basally terete, 40–280 cm, simple to densely branched, branches often ascending, glabrous. |
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Leaves | stipules broadly ovate-deltate, 0.6–1.6 × 0.4–1 mm, succulent, apex acute or obtuse, gland-tipped, rarely divided into 3 parts; petiole flattened or narrowly winged, 0.2–6 cm; blade narrowly oblong or elliptic to ovate, broadly obovate, or orbiculate, (0.4–)1–10 × 0.4–4 cm, base narrowly cuneate or attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse or rounded to acute, sometimes mucronate or glandular-mucronate, surfaces of floating leaves glabrous, those of emergent leaves glabrous to sparsely or densely strigillose at least adaxially; bracts scarcely reduced. |
stipules deltate, 0.2–0.3 × 0.15–0.2 mm; petiole 0.2–2.2 cm, somewhat flattened and continuous with ridges or wings on stem; blade elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, 2–20 × 0.2–4 cm, base cuneate, margins minutely scabrid, apex acute or acuminate, membranous, surfaces glabrous or sometimes minutely strigillose along abaxial veins; bracts often reduced. |
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Inflorescences | on emergent stems sometimes in leafy racemes, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles (rarely absent), deltate, squamate, 0.5–1 × 0.5–1 mm, apex acute, attached near base or on lower 1/2 of ovary. |
leafy spikes, flowers solitary in distal axils; bracteoles attached at base of ovary or on lower 1/2, without subtending glands, deltate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm, apex acute. |
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Flowers | sepals narrowly deltate or lanceolate, 3–12 × 1.5–4 mm, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely hirtellous; petals yellow, obpyramidal,7–24 × 4–13 mm, apex mucronate or emarginate, up-curved; stamens 10(or 12), in 2 unequal series, bright yellow, filaments suberect or reflexed, shorter ones 1.4–4.2 mm, longer ones (1.9–)3.3–6 mm, anthers oblong, 0.5–2.2 mm; ovary subcylindric or truncate, 6–20 × 1.5–3 mm, apex somewhat broader, glabrous or sparsely to densely hirtellous; nectary disc slightly raised on ovary apex, 2–2.5 mm diam., lobed, glabrous or fringed with long hairs; style (1.9–)2.4–7.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely to densely hirtellous on proximal 1/2, stigma flattened-globose, 0.9–1.2 × 1–2.5 mm, sometimes shallowly or deeply 5-lobed, as long as or exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals ovate or lanceolate, 3–6 × 1–2 mm, apex acute or short-acuminate, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes strigillose; petals obovate, 3.5–5 × 2–2.5 mm; stamens 8 in 2 subequal series, filaments 1.3–1.5 mm, anthers oblong, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm; ovary obconic, 4-angled, 4–10 × 2–4 mm, usually glabrous, rarely strigillose; nectary disc plane on ovary apex, 3–4 mm diam., 4-lobed, glabrate; style 0.5–1.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm, stigma globose, 0.8–1 × 1–1.2 mm, not exserted beyond anthers and pollen shed directly on it. |
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Capsules | cylindric, subterete to obscurely 5-angled, straight or curved, 10–40 × 2–4 mm, with thick woody walls, irregularly and tardily dehiscent, pedicel 7–60(–90) mm. |
oblong-linear to squarish-cylindric, 4-angled, 10–22 × 2–4 mm, thin-walled, irregularly dehiscent, subsessile. |
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Seeds | embedded in elongated piece of endocarp, 1–1.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm. |
elongate-ovoid, 0.3–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm, raphevery reduced and inconspicuous. |
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2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
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Ludwigia peploides |
Ludwigia erecta |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–early fall. | |||||||||
Habitat | Pond margins and depressions, wet sand ditches and prairies. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–100[–300] m. (0–300[–1000] ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies (Cuba); Asia (China); Pacific Islands (Galapagos Islands) [Introduced in Europe (France), elsewhere in the Pacific Islands (New Zealand, Society Islands), Australia]
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AL; AZ; FL; Central America; South America; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Tabasco); West Indies; Africa (Nigeria, Tanzania); Indian Ocean Islands (Comoros Islands, Madagascar, Seychelles) |
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Discussion | Subspecies 4 (3 in the flora). Ludwigia peploides consists of four subspecies more or less well defined geographically and morphologically, with three present in the flora area: subsp. glabrescens, subsp. montevidensis, and subsp. peploides (P. H. Raven 1963[1964]); these subspecies have ranges that are mostly distinct. Subspecies peploides has a wide distribution in the New World, from the southern United States south to Argentina. Subspecies glabrescens is widespread in eastern United States. Subspecies montevidensis occurs primarily in southern South America and scattered (probably introduced) in the southern United States, Australia, France, and New Zealand. Subspecies peploides and montevidensis occur together locally in California and Louisiana, where subsp. montevidensis is introduced. The ranges of subsp. glabrescens and peploides come together in Texas. Subspecies stipulacea (Ohwi) P. H. Raven is known from eastern Asia (e China). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Ludwigia erecta, which is morphologically similar to L. decurrens and often growing with it, is modally self-pollinating and is usually easy to distinguish from that species. Although Ludwigia erecta is widely distributed in warm temperate regions in the New World and Africa, it appears to be most closely related to species restricted to South America. Its appearance in a rather remote locality in Arizona in 2006 may be attributable to transport there in mud on migrating birds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Jussiaea | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Pterocaulon | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Jussiaea peploides, J. repens var. peploides, L. adscendens var. peploides | Jussiaea erecta, Isnardia discolor, J. acuminata, J. acuminata var. latifolia, J. acuminata var. longifolia, J. altissima, J. declinata, J. erecta var. plumeriana, J. erecta var. sebana, J. onagra, J. plumeriana, J. ramosa, L. acuminata | ||||||||
Name authority | (Kunth) P. H. Raven: Reinwardtia 6: 393. (1964) | (Linnaeus) H. Hara: J. Jap. Bot. 28: 292. (1953) | ||||||||
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