Ludwigia peploides |
Ludwigia curtissii |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
creeping water primrose, floating primrose-willow, marsh purslane |
Curtiss' primrose-willow |
|||||||||
Habit | Herbs or emergent aquatics, rooting at nodes, sometimes with fleshy, white pneumatophores at submerged nodes. | Herbs rarely creeping and rooting at nodes, stolons usually absent. | ||||||||
Stems | floating or creeping and ascending to erect, terete, 10–100(–300) cm, simple or branched, glabrous or sparsely to densely villous, hairs sometimes viscid on emergent distal stem. |
erect or ascending at base, very rarely prostrate, unbranched to well branched, branches sometimes very slender, 15–75 cm, glabrous, with slightly raised lines decurrent from leaf axils. |
||||||||
Leaves | stipules broadly ovate-deltate, 0.6–1.6 × 0.4–1 mm, succulent, apex acute or obtuse, gland-tipped, rarely divided into 3 parts; petiole flattened or narrowly winged, 0.2–6 cm; blade narrowly oblong or elliptic to ovate, broadly obovate, or orbiculate, (0.4–)1–10 × 0.4–4 cm, base narrowly cuneate or attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse or rounded to acute, sometimes mucronate or glandular-mucronate, surfaces of floating leaves glabrous, those of emergent leaves glabrous to sparsely or densely strigillose at least adaxially; bracts scarcely reduced. |
alternate; stipules reddish purple, narrowly ovate, 0.2–0.3 × 0.1–0.3 mm, succulent; petiole winged, 0.3–1.2 cm, blade usually oblanceolate-spatulate to spatulate or oblanceolate, rarely sublinear, 1–2.5(–3) × 0.1–0.8 cm, base attenuate, margins subentire with hydathodal glands, apex acute or mucronate, surfaces glabrous; bracts not reduced. |
||||||||
Inflorescences | on emergent stems sometimes in leafy racemes, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles (rarely absent), deltate, squamate, 0.5–1 × 0.5–1 mm, apex acute, attached near base or on lower 1/2 of ovary. |
usually not congested, leafy racemes or spikes, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles attached in opposite pairs near base of ovary, narrowly lanceolate, lanceolate-elliptic, or oblong-linear, 1.5–3.5(–4) × 0.4–0.8 mm, swollen at base, apex acuminate. |
||||||||
Flowers | sepals narrowly deltate or lanceolate, 3–12 × 1.5–4 mm, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely hirtellous; petals yellow, obpyramidal,7–24 × 4–13 mm, apex mucronate or emarginate, up-curved; stamens 10(or 12), in 2 unequal series, bright yellow, filaments suberect or reflexed, shorter ones 1.4–4.2 mm, longer ones (1.9–)3.3–6 mm, anthers oblong, 0.5–2.2 mm; ovary subcylindric or truncate, 6–20 × 1.5–3 mm, apex somewhat broader, glabrous or sparsely to densely hirtellous; nectary disc slightly raised on ovary apex, 2–2.5 mm diam., lobed, glabrous or fringed with long hairs; style (1.9–)2.4–7.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely to densely hirtellous on proximal 1/2, stigma flattened-globose, 0.9–1.2 × 1–2.5 mm, sometimes shallowly or deeply 5-lobed, as long as or exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals ascending, green fading to white near base, ovate-deltate, 1.5–3 × 1.2–2 mm, margins entire, apex narrowly acute or acuminate, surfaces glabrous; petals 0(–3), narrowly elliptic or spatulate, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse; filaments pale yellow, 0.8–1(–1.3) mm, anthers 0.3–0.6 × 0.3–0.5 mm; pollen shed singly; ovary obovate-obpyramidal, 2–2.5 × 1.8–2.3 mm, glabrous; nectary disc elevated 0.3–0.4 mm on ovary apex, green, 0.9–1.6 mm diam., prominently 4-lobed, glabrous; style pale green, 0.4–0.7 mm, glabrous, stigma pale yellow, subglobose, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.4 mm, not exserted beyond anthers. |
||||||||
Capsules | cylindric, subterete to obscurely 5-angled, straight or curved, 10–40 × 2–4 mm, with thick woody walls, irregularly and tardily dehiscent, pedicel 7–60(–90) mm. |
obconic, obscurely 4-angled, (2–)2.5–4(–4.7) × 2–3(–3.5) mm, hard-walled, dehiscent by loculicidal slits, pedicel 0.1–0.5 mm. |
||||||||
Seeds | embedded in elongated piece of endocarp, 1–1.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm. |
light brown, ellipsoid, 0.4–0.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm, surface cells transversely elongate, glabrous or, sometimes, with surface wax that mimics appressed hairs. |
||||||||
2n | = 16. |
= 64. |
||||||||
Ludwigia peploides |
Ludwigia curtissii |
|||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Nov (year-round). | |||||||||
Habitat | Pine savannas and flatwoods, marshes, edges of ponds and streams, sandy or peaty swales, limestone prairies, solution pits on limestone. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies (Cuba); Asia (China); Pacific Islands (Galapagos Islands) [Introduced in Europe (France), elsewhere in the Pacific Islands (New Zealand, Society Islands), Australia]
|
FL; West Indies (Bahamas) |
||||||||
Discussion | Subspecies 4 (3 in the flora). Ludwigia peploides consists of four subspecies more or less well defined geographically and morphologically, with three present in the flora area: subsp. glabrescens, subsp. montevidensis, and subsp. peploides (P. H. Raven 1963[1964]); these subspecies have ranges that are mostly distinct. Subspecies peploides has a wide distribution in the New World, from the southern United States south to Argentina. Subspecies glabrescens is widespread in eastern United States. Subspecies montevidensis occurs primarily in southern South America and scattered (probably introduced) in the southern United States, Australia, France, and New Zealand. Subspecies peploides and montevidensis occur together locally in California and Louisiana, where subsp. montevidensis is introduced. The ranges of subsp. glabrescens and peploides come together in Texas. Subspecies stipulacea (Ohwi) P. H. Raven is known from eastern Asia (e China). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Ludwigia curtissii is the only octoploid (n = 32) in sect. Isnardia, and is restricted to peninsular Florida and the Bahamas. It and L. simpsonii they are the only members of the section that do not form true stolons; instead they simply sprout new shoots from the base. The two species are similar in many ways and appear to share three genomes (C. I. Peng 1988). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Jussiaea | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Isnardia | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Jussiaea peploides, J. repens var. peploides, L. adscendens var. peploides | L. spathulifolia | ||||||||
Name authority | (Kunth) P. H. Raven: Reinwardtia 6: 393. (1964) | Chapman: Fl. South. U.S. ed. 2, 621. (1883) | ||||||||
Web links |
|