Ludwigia maritima |
Ludwigia grandiflora |
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seaside primrose-willow |
large-flower primrose-willow, Uruguayan primrose-willow |
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Habit | Herbs, subshrubs, or emergent aquatics, rooting at lower nodes, sometimes woody at base, white pneumatophores 8–10 cm often on submerged stems. | |
Roots | fibrous or fusiform, sometimes fascicled. |
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Stems | subterete to scarcely angled, with narrow raised lines or wings decurrent from leaf axils, 30–90 cm, simple or sparsely branched distally, strigillose to sometimes glabrate. |
erect or ascending to creeping or floating, terete or sometimes angled distally, 20–300(–450) cm, usually densely branched, sometimes simple, glabrous if floating, or densely villous and viscid throughout, or rarely just on inflorescence. |
Leaves | stipules narrowly deltate, 0.05–0.2 × 0.05–0.1 mm; sessile; blade ovate proximally, lanceolate to lanceolate-linear distally, (2–)3–8 × 0.3–1.5 cm, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces glabrate to strigillose or hirsute; bracts usually much reduced, sublinear. |
stipules (rarely in clusters of 3), ovate-deltate, 0.6–2 × 0.6–1.5 mm, fleshy, apex subacute, often mucronate; petiole 0.1–1.1 cm; blade usually lanceolate to (narrowly) elliptic or oblanceolate, rarely narrowly obovate, (1.7–)3.1–8(–10.5) × 0.5–2(–2.5) cm, chartaceous, viscid, base cuneate or attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse or acute, always glandular-mucronate, surfaces densely villous, sometimes less dense adaxially, distal leaves more pubescent than proximal ones; bracts scarcely reduced. |
Inflorescences | sparse racemes, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles attached in subopposite pairs on distal 1/3 of pedicel, lanceolate-linear, 0.7–3.2(–5) × 0.2–0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces strigillose. |
on emergent stems sometimes in leafy racemes, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles narrowly to broadly obovate, 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm, succulent, apex acute, oppositely attached at ovary base. |
Flowers | sepals often spreading, ovate-deltate, (4.5–)5.5–8(–9) × 3–5 mm, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces strigillose; petals cordate, 9–12 × 8–10 mm, base attenuate, apex emarginate; filaments yellow, awl-shaped, 1.9–3.2 mm, anthers 1.2–2.5 × 0.4–0.7 mm; ovary subcuboid or globose, 3–4.5 × 3–4 mm; nectary disc elevated, domed, 0.9–1.3 mm diam., prominently 4-lobed, ringed with sparse, spreading hairs; style 1.5–3.3 mm, glabrous, stigma capitate to hemispherical, 0.6–1.2 × 1.4–1.9 mm, shallowly 4-lobed, not exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals usually deciduous, not persistent on capsule, lanceolate, 6–12(–16) × 2–4 mm, chartaceous, apex acute, surfaces densely villous; petals yellow, fan-shaped, (12–)16–20(–26) × 11–16(–21) mm, apex rounded, usually emarginate, rarely mucronate; stamens 10(or 12), in 2 unequal series, yellow, filaments reflexed, shorter ones (2.8–)3.8–5.3 mm, longer ones (3.7–)6–6.5 mm, anthers oblong, 1–2.5 × (0.6–)0.8–1.2 mm; ovary subcylindric, terete, 6–12 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex thickened, densely villous; nectary disc slightly raised on ovary apex, yellow, 1.5–2.5 mm diam., lobed, ringed with villous hairs; style yellow, 4.7–6.7(–8) mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent near base, stigma subcapitate-globose, 1–1.3 × 1.6–2.5 mm, usually exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | subcuboid to squarish globose, 4–7 ×4–5 mm, 4-angled, often also 4-winged, wings 0.3–1.2 mm wide, pedicel 5–17 mm. |
subcylindric, terete, straight or curved, (11–)14–25 × 3–4 mm, with thick woody walls, irregularly and tardily dehiscent, villous-viscid, pedicel 13–25(–27) mm. |
Seeds | light brown, oblong to reniform, 0.4–0.6 ×0.2–0.4 mm, surface cells elongate transversely to seed length, except may be parallel to seed length near raphe. |
embedded in wedge-shaped piece of endocarp, 0.8–1 × 0.8–0.9 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
= 48. |
Ludwigia maritima |
Ludwigia grandiflora |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Damp, sandy, or peaty habitats, roadside ditches, margins of bogs or fields, usually within 75 miles of sea coast. | Wet places, along slow-moving rivers, streams, canals, ditches, often growing into main channel as aquatic weed. |
Elevation | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) | 0–200[–1200] m. (0–700[–3900] ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
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AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WA; WV; Central America (Guatemala); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)
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Discussion | Ludwigia grandiflora occurs in two disjunct areas: the southeastern United States on the coastal plain of southern South Carolina, Georgia, northern Florida, Louisiana, west to central Texas, and recently in southern California (P. C. Hoch and B. J. Grewell 2012) and Oregon; and central South America from south of the Amazon basin of Brazil and Bolivia where it is very scattered, to Uruguay, northeastern Argentina, and Paraguay where it is very frequent. It has been collected three times in Guatemala and twice in Missouri, although it is not clearly established in either region. It usually grows below 200 m elevation, but in Guatemala and in Santa Catarina, Brazil (Smith & , MO), it has been collected as high as Klein 133831200 m elevation. Populations of L. grandiflora in the United States are fairly variable, although not as much as in South American populations. As noted by Greuter and Burdet, the publication of Jussiaea grandiflora Ruíz & Pavon, which was a synonym of J. peruviana, occurred in 1830, not in 1802 as reported (P. A. Munz 1942; P. H. Raven 1963[1964]). Therefore, J. grandiflora Michaux in 1803 is legitimate, and J. grandiflora Ruíz & Pavon is an illegitimate homonym. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Ludwigia | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Jussiaea |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Jussiaea grandiflora, J. repens var. grandiflora, J. repens var. hispida, J. stenophylla, J. stuckertii, J. uruguayensis, L. clavellina var. grandiflora, L. uruguayensis | |
Name authority | R. M. Harper: Torreya 4: 163, fig. 2. (1904) | (Michaux) Greuter & Burdet: Willdenowia 16: 448. (1987) |
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