Ludwigia leptocarpa |
Ludwigia virgata |
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anglestem primrose-willow, anglestem waterprimrose |
savannah primrose-willow |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial or (robust) annual, or shrubs, often with woody base, when aquatic, forming white pneumatophores from nodes. | |
Roots | fascicled, often fusiform, or spreading horizontally. |
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Stems | usually erect or strongly ascending, rarely floating or creeping, terete to somewhat angled on young branches, 30–250 cm, well branched to sparsely branched or simple, usually villous, often also strigillose, rarely glabrous, with raised lines decurrent from leaf axils. |
subterete to scarcely angled, with narrow raised lines or wings decurrent from leaf axils, 45–85 cm, branched mainly near base, glabrate with strigillose raised lines or strigillose. |
Leaves | stipules narrowly deltate, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm; petiole 0.2–3.5 cm; blade broadly lanceolate, 3.5–18 × 1–4 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins subentire, apex acuminate, surfaces hirsute or villous; bracts slightly to much reduced. |
stipules narrowly deltate, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.15 mm; sessile; blade ovate to obovate proximally, lanceolate-linear to linear distally, 2–7 × 0.2–1(–1.5) cm, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, surfaces strigillose, densely so particularly along veins; bracts usually very reduced in size, sublinear. |
Inflorescences | leafy racemes, flowers solitary in axils; bracteoles often absent, when present, narrowly deltate, 2–3 × 1.2–2.4 mm, attached near ovary base. |
sparse racemes, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles attached in subopposite pairs on distal 1/3 of pedicel, lanceolate-linear, 0.7–3.2(–5) ×0.2–0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces strigillose. |
Flowers | sepals ovate-deltate, 5.5–11 × 1.5–3 mm, margins entire, apex acuminate, surfaces villous; petals orange-yellow, obovate, 5–11 × 4–8 mm; stamens (8 or)10 or 12(or 14), in 2 unequal series, longer filaments 2.5–4.5 mm, shorter ones 1.5–2.5 mm, anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 × 0.7–1 mm, extrorse; ovary cylindric, subterete, 10–16 × 2–3 mm, glabrate to strigillose or villous; nectary disc slightly elevated at ovary apex, 2–4 mm diam., lobed, depressed, surrounded by densely matted white hairs; style 3–4.5 mm, glabrous, stigma capitate-globose, 1–1.5 × 2–2.5 mm, ± exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals strongly reflexed, narrowly ovate-deltate, 6–10 × 2.5–4.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces finely strigillose to glabrate; petals cordate, 14–19 × 13–15 mm, base attenuate, apex emarginate; filaments opaque white, awl-shaped, 1.9–4.2 mm, anthers 2–4 × 0.6–1 mm; ovary subcuboid to globose, 3–4 × 3–4 mm; nectary disc elevated, domed, 0.8–1.4 mm diam., prominently 4-lobed, ringed with silky-curly hairs; style 5–9.5 mm, glabrous, stigma capitate to hemispherical, 0.6–1.3 × 1.3–2.6 mm, shallowly 4-lobed, as long as or exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | obscurely [4 or]5 or 6[or 7]-angled or subterete, straight or curved, 15–50 × 2.5–4 mm, relatively thin-walled, seeds visible as bumps, tardily and irregularly loculicidal, villous, pedicel 2–20 mm. |
subglobose to ellipsoid, 3.5–6.8 × 3.3–4.3 mm, 4-angled, angles not developed into wings, pedicel 6.5–17 mm. |
Seeds | in 1 row per locule, horizontal and loosely embedded in an easily detached horseshoe-shaped segment of firm endocarp, pale brown, obovoid, 1–1.2 mm, shiny, finely pitted, raphe much narrower than seed body. |
light brown, elliptic-oblong to reniform, 0.5–0.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm, surface cells elongate transversely to seed length or elongate parallel to length near raphe. |
2n | = 32, 48. |
= 16. |
Ludwigia leptocarpa |
Ludwigia virgata |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Wet places, mainly along coastal areas, especially ditches, banks near brackish water. | Sandy savannas, pinelands, damp roadside ditches, margins of ponds, bogs, irrigated fields, usually within 75 miles of sea coast. |
Elevation | 0–200[–1300] m. (0–700[–4300] ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Central America; South America; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); Africa; Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar)
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AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC; VA
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Discussion | Ludwigia leptocarpa is a globally widespread and morphologically variable species; in the flora area it is distributed widely in wet areas of the southeastern United States. Both tetraploid and hexaploid plants are known, but it is not clear if or how ploidy level is related to the considerable morphological variation, especially in pubescence type and pattern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Seminudae | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Ludwigia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Jussiaea leptocarpa, J. biacuminata, J. foliosa, J. leptocarpa subsp. angustissima, J. leptocarpa var. angustissima, J. leptocarpa var. meyeriana, J. pilosa, J. pilosa var. robustior, J. schottii, J. surinamensis, J. variabilis, J. variabilis var. meyeriana, J. variabilis var. pilosa, L. leptocarpa var. angustissima, L. leptocarpa var. meyeriana | Isnardia virgata |
Name authority | (Nuttall) H. Hara: J. Jap. Bot. 28: 292. (1953) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 89. (1803) |
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