Ludwigia leptocarpa |
Ludwigia lanceolata |
|
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anglestem primrose-willow, anglestem waterprimrose |
lanceleaf primrose-willow |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial or (robust) annual, or shrubs, often with woody base, when aquatic, forming white pneumatophores from nodes. | Herbs slender, with well-developed aerenchyma when base submerged, often forming stolons 10–40 cm, 2–3 mm thick, stolons with widely spaced leaves. |
Stems | usually erect or strongly ascending, rarely floating or creeping, terete to somewhat angled on young branches, 30–250 cm, well branched to sparsely branched or simple, usually villous, often also strigillose, rarely glabrous, with raised lines decurrent from leaf axils. |
erect, subterete or slightly ridged, well branched distally, 45–100 cm, glabrous, with raisedlines decurrent from leaf axils. |
Leaves | stipules narrowly deltate, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm; petiole 0.2–3.5 cm; blade broadly lanceolate, 3.5–18 × 1–4 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins subentire, apex acuminate, surfaces hirsute or villous; bracts slightly to much reduced. |
alternate; stipules ovate to very broadly ovate, 0.2–0.5 ×0.1–0.3 mm, succulent; stolons: petiole winged, 0.2–1 cm, blade orbiculate or elliptic to broadly elliptic, 0.5–2.7 × 0.6–1.2 cm, base attenuate, apex rounded to acute; main stem: petiole winged, 0.1–0.5 cm, blade elliptic, oblanceolate, or narrowly oblanceolate to sublinear, 2–7.5 × 0.2–0.8(–1.4) cm, base narrowly cuneate, sometimes attenuate, margins entire with minute hydathodal glands, apex acute to narrowly acute, leaves on side branches much reduced; bracts sublinear, moderately reduced. |
Inflorescences | leafy racemes, flowers solitary in axils; bracteoles often absent, when present, narrowly deltate, 2–3 × 1.2–2.4 mm, attached near ovary base. |
open spikes, flowers solitary in distal leaf axils; bracteoles attached in opposite pairs at or slightly distal to base of ovary, ovate-elliptic to very narrowly elliptic, 1.5–4.3 × 0.4–1.4 mm, often with a swollen base, margins minutely papillose, apex subacute. |
Flowers | sepals ovate-deltate, 5.5–11 × 1.5–3 mm, margins entire, apex acuminate, surfaces villous; petals orange-yellow, obovate, 5–11 × 4–8 mm; stamens (8 or)10 or 12(or 14), in 2 unequal series, longer filaments 2.5–4.5 mm, shorter ones 1.5–2.5 mm, anthers oblong, 1.2–1.6 × 0.7–1 mm, extrorse; ovary cylindric, subterete, 10–16 × 2–3 mm, glabrate to strigillose or villous; nectary disc slightly elevated at ovary apex, 2–4 mm diam., lobed, depressed, surrounded by densely matted white hairs; style 3–4.5 mm, glabrous, stigma capitate-globose, 1–1.5 × 2–2.5 mm, ± exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals ascending, pale green, broadly ovate-deltate, 1.5–2.5 × 1.8–3.3 mm, margins minutely papillose, apex usually acute, rarely acuminate, surfaces glabrous; petals 0; filaments nearly translucent, 1–1.4 mm, base dilated, anthers 0.4–0.6(–0.8) × 0.5–0.6 mm; pollen shed in tetrads; ovary broadly obovoid or cup-shaped, 2.5–3.5 × 2.2–3.2 mm; nectary disc elevated 0.4–0.6 mm on ovary apex, yellowish green, 1.8–2.6 mm diam., 4-lobed, glabrous; style yellowish green, 0.5–0.7 mm, glabrous, stigma yellowish green, broadly capitate to subglobose, 0.3–0.5 × 0.7–1 mm, not exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | obscurely [4 or]5 or 6[or 7]-angled or subterete, straight or curved, 15–50 × 2.5–4 mm, relatively thin-walled, seeds visible as bumps, tardily and irregularly loculicidal, villous, pedicel 2–20 mm. |
obpyramidal, sharply 4-angled and 4-winged, wings 0.3–0.7mm wide, 3.5–5 × 2.5–4.5 mm, hard-walled, dehiscent by apical ring, pedicel 0.1–0.5 mm. |
Seeds | in 1 row per locule, horizontal and loosely embedded in an easily detached horseshoe-shaped segment of firm endocarp, pale brown, obovoid, 1–1.2 mm, shiny, finely pitted, raphe much narrower than seed body. |
light brown, narrowly oblong with constricted ends, 0.6–0.8 ×0.2–0.3 mm, surface cells nearly isodiametric. |
2n | = 32, 48. |
= 32. |
Ludwigia leptocarpa |
Ludwigia lanceolata |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | Wet places, mainly along coastal areas, especially ditches, banks near brackish water. | Ditches, low meadows, cypress swamps, moist pinelands, edges of pocosins, sandy peaty soil. |
Elevation | 0–200[–1300] m. (0–700[–4300] ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Central America; South America; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); Africa; Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar)
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FL; GA; NC; SC
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Discussion | Ludwigia leptocarpa is a globally widespread and morphologically variable species; in the flora area it is distributed widely in wet areas of the southeastern United States. Both tetraploid and hexaploid plants are known, but it is not clear if or how ploidy level is related to the considerable morphological variation, especially in pubescence type and pattern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Ludwigia lanceolata is fairly uncommon, with scattered populations occurring along the Atlantic coast of southern North Carolina, South Carolina, eastern and southern Georgia, and peninsular Florida. It reaches its western limit in the central panhandle of Florida. C. I. Peng (1988, 1989) found this tetraploid species to be interfertile with other tetraploid species in the section, but few natural hybrids are found, perhaps due to persistent autogamy and habitat specialization. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Seminudae | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Isnardia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Jussiaea leptocarpa, J. biacuminata, J. foliosa, J. leptocarpa subsp. angustissima, J. leptocarpa var. angustissima, J. leptocarpa var. meyeriana, J. pilosa, J. pilosa var. robustior, J. schottii, J. surinamensis, J. variabilis, J. variabilis var. meyeriana, J. variabilis var. pilosa, L. leptocarpa var. angustissima, L. leptocarpa var. meyeriana | Isnardia lanceolata |
Name authority | (Nuttall) H. Hara: J. Jap. Bot. 28: 292. (1953) | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 213. (1817) |
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