Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia ravenii |
|
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Carolina primrose-willow |
Raven's primrose-willow |
|
Habit | Herbs, from woody rootstock. | Herbs slender, rarely with aerenchyma when base submerged, forming slender, glabrate stolons 10–18 cm, 0.6–1.5 mm thick, occasionally bearing flowers and fruits. |
Stems | erect, subterete, 20–120 cm, branched, glabrate proximally, or strigillose, especially in distal parts, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from leaf axils mid stem. |
erect, slightly ridged, usually well branched, (15–)35–90 cm, densely hirtellous. |
Leaves | stipules narrowly deltate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm; petiole winged, 0.1–0.7 cm; blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 4–15 × 0.3–1(–3) cm, base tapered, margins subentire to inconspicuously glandular-serrulate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces finely strigillose, especially on abaxial veins, sometimes glabrate; bracts narrower, reduced in size. |
alternate; stipules lanceolate to broadly deltate, 0.2–0.5 × 0.1–0.3 mm; stolons: petiole 0.1–0.3 cm, blade elliptic to orbiculate, 1–1.8 × 0.6–1.4 cm, base attenuate, apex rounded to acute; stems: petiole narrowly winged, 0.1–0.8 cm, blade narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, 1.3–6.5 × 0.4–1.5 cm, base attenuate, margins entire with minute hydathodal glands, apex acute, surfaces densely hirtellous; bracts not much reduced. |
Inflorescences | open, leafy racemes, flowers solitary in axils; bracteoles lanceolate-linear or setaceous, 2–6 × 0.3–0.8 mm, attached on pedicel just proximal to base of ovary. |
leafy racemes, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles attached near base of ovary, lanceolate or elliptic to narrowly so, (1.5–)2–4.3 ×0.3–0.9 mm, apex acuminate, surfaces hirtellous. |
Flowers | sepals ovate-deltate, 10–20 × 7–12 mm, abruptly acuminate or acute, inconspicuously 5–7-nerved, surfaces strigillose; petals deep golden yellow, broadly obovate, 20–35 × 10–30 mm, apex shallowly emarginate, claw 1.5–3 mm; stamens 8 in 2 unequal series, filaments flattened and dilated near base, epipetalous set 3.4–4.5 mm, episepalous set 4.5–5.5 mm, anthers oblong, 4–5 mm; pollen shed in polyads; ovary subcylindric, slightly 4-angled, 8–12(–20) mm; nectary disc slightly elevated on ovary apex, 2–3 mm diam., 4-lobed, ringed by short hairs; style 3–3.5 mm, stigma clavate-capitate, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, often exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals ascending-spreading, green, broadly ovate-deltate, 1.5–3 × 1.4–2.1 mm, margins entire, apex acuminate, surfaces densely hirtellous; petals 0; filaments light green, 0.7–1.1 mm, anthers 0.3–0.4 × 0.4–0.5 mm; pollen shed in tetrads; ovary obovoid to obconic, 2.8–3.5 × 2–3 mm; nectary disc elevated 0.3–0.4 mm on ovary apex, light green, 1.4–2.5 mm diam., 4-lobed, glabrous; style light green, 0.3–0.5 mm, glabrous, stigma clavate to subcapitate, 0.4–0.6 × 0.3–0.5 mm, not exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | clavate-cylindric, subterete to obtusely 4-angled, 20–35 × 3.5–5 mm, thin walls, irregularly dehiscent, tapering to pedicel 10–40 mm. |
oblong-obovoid, subterete to scarcely 4-angled, (3–)4–5(–5.3) × 2.5–3.5(–4) mm, hard-walled, irregularly dehiscent, pedicel 0.2–0.5 mm. |
Seeds | in several indistinct rows per locule, yellow-brown, oblong (appearing round), 0.5 mm, shiny, raphe 2/3 as wide as body. |
light brown, elliptic-oblong with slightly curved ends, 0.5–0.7 ×0.3–0.4 mm, surface cells elongate transversely to seed length. |
2n | = 16. |
= 32. |
Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia ravenii |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Wet places, mainly along coastal areas, especially ditches, banks near brackish water. | Wet, peaty habitats, ditches, margins of ponds, bogs, swamps. |
Elevation | 0–200[–2600] m. (0–700[–8500] ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)
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FL; NC; SC; VA |
Discussion | Ludwigia ravenii is an uncommon species occurring in scattered populations in coastal southeastern Virginia and eastern North Carolina, with single disjunct populations in southeastern South Carolina and northeastern Florida. C. I. Peng (1989) observed its similarity to L. pilosa by virtue of its dense, hirtellous pubescence, but noted its smaller, more consistently autogamous flowers. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Macrocarpon | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Isnardia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Jussiaea bonariensis, J. neglecta, J. suffruticosa var. bonariensis | |
Name authority | (Micheli) H. Hara: J. Jap. Bot. 28: 291. (1953) | C. I. Peng: Syst. Bot. 9: 129, fig. 1. (1984) |
Web links |