Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia linifolia |
|
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Carolina primrose-willow |
flaxleaf seedbox, southeastern primrose-willow |
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Habit | Herbs, from woody rootstock. | Herbs slender, rarely with aerenchyma, forming slender stolons 4–15(–30) cm, 0.7–1(–1.5) mm thick. |
Stems | erect, subterete, 20–120 cm, branched, glabrate proximally, or strigillose, especially in distal parts, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from leaf axils mid stem. |
erect or ascending, slightly ridged, usually well branched, 12–55(–62) cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | stipules narrowly deltate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm; petiole winged, 0.1–0.7 cm; blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 4–15 × 0.3–1(–3) cm, base tapered, margins subentire to inconspicuously glandular-serrulate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces finely strigillose, especially on abaxial veins, sometimes glabrate; bracts narrower, reduced in size. |
alternate; stipules narrowly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 0.2–0.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm; stolons: petiole narrowly attenuate, 0.05–0.5 cm, blade narrowly obovate or oblanceolate to spatulate, 0.5–2 × 0.1–0.6 cm; stems: sessile, blade linear to linear-oblanceolate, 1.5–4 × 0.1–0.4(–0.6) cm, base very narrowly cuneate, margins entire with obscure hydathodal glands, apex acuminate to acute; bracts linear, reduced. |
Inflorescences | open, leafy racemes, flowers solitary in axils; bracteoles lanceolate-linear or setaceous, 2–6 × 0.3–0.8 mm, attached on pedicel just proximal to base of ovary. |
leafy spikes, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles attached 0–1.5 mm distal to base of ovary, very narrowly oblanceolate to linear, (1.5–)2.5–9(–13) × 0.2–0.8 mm, margins entire, apex acute. |
Flowers | sepals ovate-deltate, 10–20 × 7–12 mm, abruptly acuminate or acute, inconspicuously 5–7-nerved, surfaces strigillose; petals deep golden yellow, broadly obovate, 20–35 × 10–30 mm, apex shallowly emarginate, claw 1.5–3 mm; stamens 8 in 2 unequal series, filaments flattened and dilated near base, epipetalous set 3.4–4.5 mm, episepalous set 4.5–5.5 mm, anthers oblong, 4–5 mm; pollen shed in polyads; ovary subcylindric, slightly 4-angled, 8–12(–20) mm; nectary disc slightly elevated on ovary apex, 2–3 mm diam., 4-lobed, ringed by short hairs; style 3–3.5 mm, stigma clavate-capitate, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, often exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals ascending, green, narrowly lanceolate-deltate, (3–)4–7 × 1.1–1.7 mm, margins entire, apex narrowly acute, surfaces glabrous or minutely papillose; petals narrowly obovate-elliptic, 4–6 × 2–4 mm, base obtuse, apex obtuse or rounded; filaments pale yellow, (1.3–)1.5–2.5(–3) mm, anthers oblong, 0.6–1.1 × 0.5–0.8 mm; pollen shed in tetrads; ovary subcylindric, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm; nectary disc elevated 0.3–0.7 mm on ovary apex, bright yellow, 0.8–1.5 mm diam., prominently 4-lobed, minutely papillose; style yellow, 1.25–2.5 mm, glabrous, stigma subcapitate, 0.3–0.6 × 0.6–0.8 mm, shallowly 4-lobed, not exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | clavate-cylindric, subterete to obtusely 4-angled, 20–35 × 3.5–5 mm, thin walls, irregularly dehiscent, tapering to pedicel 10–40 mm. |
subcylindric, terete or slightly angled, 5–10(–12) ×1.3–2(–2.2) mm, hard-walled, irregularly dehiscent, pedicel 0 mm. |
Seeds | in several indistinct rows per locule, yellow-brown, oblong (appearing round), 0.5 mm, shiny, raphe 2/3 as wide as body. |
reddish brown, oblong-elliptic, 0.6–0.7 × 0.2–0.3 mm, surface cells nearly isodiametric. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia linifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering late Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | Wet places, mainly along coastal areas, especially ditches, banks near brackish water. | Drainage ditches, margins of creeks or swamps, open edges of cypress swamps, moist pinelands, edges of brackish lakes. |
Elevation | 0–200[–2600] m. [0–700[–8500] ft.] | 0–300 m. [0–1000 ft.] |
Distribution |
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)
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AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC; Mexico (Tabasco) |
Discussion | Ludwigia linifolia is primarily a coastal species that extends farther inland in Georgia and the Carolinas. Being one of five diploids in sect. Isnardia, it has particularly prominent nectary lobes and appears to be modally outcrossing (C. I. Peng 1989). It also is known from a disjunct population on the Yucatán Peninsula in Tabasco, Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Jussiaea bonariensis, J. neglecta, J. suffruticosa var. bonariensis | Isnardia linifolia |
Name authority | (Micheli) H. Hara: J. Jap. Bot. 28: 291. (1953) | Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.: Encycl., Suppl. 3: 513. (1814) |
Web links |