Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia linearis |
|
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Carolina primrose-willow |
narrowleaf primrose-willow |
|
Habit | Herbs, from woody rootstock. | Herbs slender, usually with aerenchyma near base, forming stolons 10–30 cm, 0.8–2.5 mm thick. |
Stems | erect, subterete, 20–120 cm, branched, glabrate proximally, or strigillose, especially in distal parts, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from leaf axils mid stem. |
erect, slightly ridged, often well branched, (22–)50–100(–145) cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely, minutely strigillose. |
Leaves | stipules narrowly deltate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm; petiole winged, 0.1–0.7 cm; blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 4–15 × 0.3–1(–3) cm, base tapered, margins subentire to inconspicuously glandular-serrulate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces finely strigillose, especially on abaxial veins, sometimes glabrate; bracts narrower, reduced in size. |
alternate; stipules narrowly ovate or lanceolate, 0.15–0.3 × 0.05–0.15 mm; stolons: petiole attenuate, 0.2–0.5 cm, blade narrowly to very narrowly elliptic, 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.9 cm, surfaces glabrous or minutely strigillose; stems: subsessile, blade linear to elliptic-linear, 1.6–6(–8.5) × 0.1–0.4(–0.6) cm, base very narrowly cuneate, margins entire with obscure hydathodal glands, apex very narrowly acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely, minutely strigillose or puberulent; bracts not much reduced. |
Inflorescences | open, leafy racemes, flowers solitary in axils; bracteoles lanceolate-linear or setaceous, 2–6 × 0.3–0.8 mm, attached on pedicel just proximal to base of ovary. |
leafy racemes or spikes, flowers solitary in leaf axils; bracteoles deciduous, attached on pedicel near ovary base or to 4.5 mm distal to base, linear, 0.4–4(–7.5) × 0.1–0.3 mm. |
Flowers | sepals ovate-deltate, 10–20 × 7–12 mm, abruptly acuminate or acute, inconspicuously 5–7-nerved, surfaces strigillose; petals deep golden yellow, broadly obovate, 20–35 × 10–30 mm, apex shallowly emarginate, claw 1.5–3 mm; stamens 8 in 2 unequal series, filaments flattened and dilated near base, epipetalous set 3.4–4.5 mm, episepalous set 4.5–5.5 mm, anthers oblong, 4–5 mm; pollen shed in polyads; ovary subcylindric, slightly 4-angled, 8–12(–20) mm; nectary disc slightly elevated on ovary apex, 2–3 mm diam., 4-lobed, ringed by short hairs; style 3–3.5 mm, stigma clavate-capitate, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, often exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals ascending, green, lanceolate-deltate to narrowly so, 2.5–5(–5.5) × 1–3(–3.5) mm, margins entire, apex acuminate or elongate-acuminate to cuspidate, surfaces sparsely to densely strigillose; petals obovate to suborbiculate, 3–6 × (2–)2.5–5 mm, base attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse; filaments white or cream, 1.1–2.2 mm, anthers lanceolate-oblong, 1–2 × 0.6–1 mm; pollen shed in tetrads; ovary cylindric (wider at apex), 2.5–4.5 ×1–2.5 mm, strigillose; nectary disc elevated (0.2–)0.3–0.6 mm on ovary apex, yellow, 1.3–2.5 mm diam., 4-lobed, margins glabrous or minutely strigillose; style yellowish green, (0.4–)0.7–1.5 mm, glabrous or densely strigillose on proximal part, stigma clavate to subcapitate, (0.6–)1–1.9 × 0.6–0.9 mm, shallowly 4-lobed, not exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | clavate-cylindric, subterete to obtusely 4-angled, 20–35 × 3.5–5 mm, thin walls, irregularly dehiscent, tapering to pedicel 10–40 mm. |
elongate-obpyramidal, obscurely 4-angled, often with central, longitudinal groove on each side, 5–10(–12) × 2–5.5 mm, hard-walled, dehiscent by apical ring, pedicel 0–3.5(–5) mm. |
Seeds | in several indistinct rows per locule, yellow-brown, oblong (appearing round), 0.5 mm, shiny, raphe 2/3 as wide as body. |
light brown, oblong-elliptic,0.5–0.7 × 0.2–0.3 mm, surface cells oblong, elongate either parallel or transversely to seed length. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia linearis |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering late Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Wet places, mainly along coastal areas, especially ditches, banks near brackish water. | Drainage ditches, along river or stream banks, swales, edges of pocosins, sandy soil in wet meadows, brackish marshes, disturbed ground. |
Elevation | 0–200[–2600] m. (0–700[–8500] ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)
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AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
Discussion | Ludwigia linearis is widespread in the southeastern United States, with a complex pattern of morphological variation, especially in stem pubescence, ranging from glabrous to densely strigillose, but without strong geographical separation (C. I. Peng 1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Macrocarpon | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Isnardia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Jussiaea bonariensis, J. neglecta, J. suffruticosa var. bonariensis | Isnardia linearis, L. angustifolia, L. linearis var. puberula |
Name authority | (Micheli) H. Hara: J. Jap. Bot. 28: 291. (1953) | Walter: Fl. Carol., 89. (1788) |
Web links |