Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia glandulosa |
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Carolina primrose-willow |
creeping seedbox, cylindricfruit primrose-willow |
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Habit | Herbs, from woody rootstock. | Herbs slender, forming stolons 5–20 cm, 0.4–0.8 mm thick. | ||||
Stems | erect, subterete, 20–120 cm, branched, glabrate proximally, or strigillose, especially in distal parts, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from leaf axils mid stem. |
erect, slightly ridged, usually well branched, 10–80(–100) cm, glabrate or often with strigillose raised lines decurrent from leaf axils. |
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Leaves | stipules narrowly deltate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm; petiole winged, 0.1–0.7 cm; blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 4–15 × 0.3–1(–3) cm, base tapered, margins subentire to inconspicuously glandular-serrulate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces finely strigillose, especially on abaxial veins, sometimes glabrate; bracts narrower, reduced in size. |
alternate; stipules ovate-triangular, 0.15–0.35 × 0.05–0.25 mm, succulent; stolons: petiole attenuate, 0.3–1 cm, blade narrowly elliptic, 1.5–3.5(–5.5) × 0.5–1.3(–2) cm; main stem: petiole 0–1.5 cm, blade usually narrowly elliptic to elliptic, sometimes linear, 3–12 × 0.3–2.1 cm, base attenuate, margins subentire with hydathodal glands often visible, apex acute to very narrowly acute, surfaces densely papillose-strigillose, abaxial veins glabrous or sparingly, minutely strigillose; leaves on side branches usually reduced, 0.8–4.5 ×0.2–1 cm; bracts much reduced. |
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Inflorescences | open, leafy racemes, flowers solitary in axils; bracteoles lanceolate-linear or setaceous, 2–6 × 0.3–0.8 mm, attached on pedicel just proximal to base of ovary. |
open, leafy racemes or spikes, flowers solitary in axils, often congested, especially on branches; bracteoles attached on pedicel at base of ovary or to 2 mm distal to base, narrowly lanceolate to sublinear, 0.4–1 × 0.1–0.4 mm, apex acuminate, surfaces glabrate. |
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Flowers | sepals ovate-deltate, 10–20 × 7–12 mm, abruptly acuminate or acute, inconspicuously 5–7-nerved, surfaces strigillose; petals deep golden yellow, broadly obovate, 20–35 × 10–30 mm, apex shallowly emarginate, claw 1.5–3 mm; stamens 8 in 2 unequal series, filaments flattened and dilated near base, epipetalous set 3.4–4.5 mm, episepalous set 4.5–5.5 mm, anthers oblong, 4–5 mm; pollen shed in polyads; ovary subcylindric, slightly 4-angled, 8–12(–20) mm; nectary disc slightly elevated on ovary apex, 2–3 mm diam., 4-lobed, ringed by short hairs; style 3–3.5 mm, stigma clavate-capitate, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, often exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals ascending, light green, ovate-deltate, 1.1–2.3 × 1–1.8 mm, margins entire, fringed with minute, strigillose hairs, apex short-acuminate or acute, surfaces glabrous; petals 0; filaments nearly translucent, 0.6–1.1 mm, anthers 0.3–0.5 × 0.3–0.6 mm; pollen shed in tetrads; ovary subcylindric, 2–5 × 0.8–1.9 mm; nectary disc elevated 0.3–0.4 mm on ovary apex, light green, 0.6–1.8 mm diam., 4-lobed, glabrous or minutely papillose; style pale green, 0.3–0.8 mm, glabrous, stigma broadly clavate to subglobose, 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm, not exserted beyond anthers. |
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Capsules | clavate-cylindric, subterete to obtusely 4-angled, 20–35 × 3.5–5 mm, thin walls, irregularly dehiscent, tapering to pedicel 10–40 mm. |
subcylindric, subterete to obscurely 4-angled with 4 shallow grooves, 2–8(–9) × 1.3–2(–3) mm, hard-walled, irregularly dehiscent, pedicel 0–0.3(–0.5) mm. |
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Seeds | in several indistinct rows per locule, yellow-brown, oblong (appearing round), 0.5 mm, shiny, raphe 2/3 as wide as body. |
light brown, kidney-shaped with slightly pointed ends, 0.5–0.8 × 0.3–0.4 mm, surface cells columnar, elongate either parallel or transversely to seed length. |
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2n | = 16. |
= 32. |
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Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia glandulosa |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||
Habitat | Wet places, mainly along coastal areas, especially ditches, banks near brackish water. | |||||
Elevation | 0–200[–2600] m. (0–700[–8500] ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)
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c United States; e United States
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Ludwigia glandulosa consists of two subspecies: subsp. glandulosa is very common and widespread throughout the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains and the Mississippi Embayment, westward to eastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma; subsp. brachycarpa grows only in the western portion of the range of subsp. glandulosa, extending farther west in Texas and Oklahoma. The two taxa grow in similar habitats, but subsp. glandulosa prefers drier habitats farther south and west. The general distinctiveness of these subspecies is probably maintained by their modal autogamy; vegetative reproduction by means of stolons may likewise play a role in preserving favored genotypes (C. I. Peng 1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Macrocarpon | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Isnardia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Jussiaea bonariensis, J. neglecta, J. suffruticosa var. bonariensis | |||||
Name authority | (Micheli) H. Hara: J. Jap. Bot. 28: 291. (1953) | Walter: Fl. Carol., 88. (1788) | ||||
Web links |