Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia brevipes |
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Carolina primrose-willow |
Long Beach primrose-willow, ludwigiantha brevipes |
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Habit | Herbs, from woody rootstock. | Herbs creeping and rooting at nodes, sometimes forming large mats. |
Stems | erect, subterete, 20–120 cm, branched, glabrate proximally, or strigillose, especially in distal parts, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from leaf axils mid stem. |
prostrate, ascending or erect at tips, terete, well branched, 20–70 cm, glabrous or, sometimes, minutely strigillose on leaf margins and inflorescence. |
Leaves | stipules narrowly deltate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm; petiole winged, 0.1–0.7 cm; blade narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 4–15 × 0.3–1(–3) cm, base tapered, margins subentire to inconspicuously glandular-serrulate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces finely strigillose, especially on abaxial veins, sometimes glabrate; bracts narrower, reduced in size. |
opposite; stipules narrowly deltate, 0.05–0.15 × 0.05–0.1 mm; petiole narrowly winged, 0.2–0.8 cm, blades on submerged stems linear, 3.2–4.7 × 0.2–0.3 cm, those on emergent ones oblanceolate-elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, (0.7–)1–1.7(–2) × 0.2–0.7(–1.1) cm, base very narrowly cuneate or attenuate, margins entire, apex acute; bracts not reduced. |
Inflorescences | open, leafy racemes, flowers solitary in axils; bracteoles lanceolate-linear or setaceous, 2–6 × 0.3–0.8 mm, attached on pedicel just proximal to base of ovary. |
sometimes few-flowered, erect racemes, flowers paired in leaf axils of prostrate stems; bracteoles attached in opposite pairs at base of ovary or on pedicel distally, linear, 1–3(–4.5) × 0.1–0.7 mm, apex acuminate. |
Flowers | sepals ovate-deltate, 10–20 × 7–12 mm, abruptly acuminate or acute, inconspicuously 5–7-nerved, surfaces strigillose; petals deep golden yellow, broadly obovate, 20–35 × 10–30 mm, apex shallowly emarginate, claw 1.5–3 mm; stamens 8 in 2 unequal series, filaments flattened and dilated near base, epipetalous set 3.4–4.5 mm, episepalous set 4.5–5.5 mm, anthers oblong, 4–5 mm; pollen shed in polyads; ovary subcylindric, slightly 4-angled, 8–12(–20) mm; nectary disc slightly elevated on ovary apex, 2–3 mm diam., 4-lobed, ringed by short hairs; style 3–3.5 mm, stigma clavate-capitate, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, often exserted beyond anthers. |
sepals slightly reflexed at anthesis, ascending in fruit, light green, ovate-deltate or narrowly so, (3.5–)4–5(–6) × 1.7–3 mm, with 3 parallel veins, margins strigillose and finely serrulate, apex narrowly acute to elongate-acuminate, surfaces glabrous; petals sometimes caducous, oblong-spatulate, 4.5–5.5 × 1.5–3 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse; filaments spreading, pale cream, 1.8–2.5 mm, anthers 0.7–1 × 0.5–0.7 mm; pollen shed in very loose tetrads; ovary obconic-cylindric, subterete or scarcely 4-angled, 3–5 × 2–2.5 mm; nectary disc elevated 0.5–0.7 mm on ovary apex, bright yellow, 1.7–2.3 mm diam., 4-lobed, glabrate; style cream, 1.1–1.7 mm, stigma cream, broadly capitate, 0.4–0.6 × 0.5–0.8 mm, often exserted beyond spreading stamens. |
Capsules | clavate-cylindric, subterete to obtusely 4-angled, 20–35 × 3.5–5 mm, thin walls, irregularly dehiscent, tapering to pedicel 10–40 mm. |
clavate, subterete to obscurely 4-angled, sometimes slightly curved, 6–10.5 × 2.5–4 mm, hard-walled, irregularly dehiscent, pedicel (4.5–)6–15(–20) mm. |
Seeds | in several indistinct rows per locule, yellow-brown, oblong (appearing round), 0.5 mm, shiny, raphe 2/3 as wide as body. |
light to dark brown, ellipsoid, 0.6–0.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, surface cells transversely elongate. |
2n | = 16. |
= 48. |
Ludwigia bonariensis |
Ludwigia brevipes |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Wet places, mainly along coastal areas, especially ditches, banks near brackish water. | Wet soil or sand along edges of ponds, lakes, marshes, or rivers, moist dune hollows, seasonal ponds. |
Elevation | 0–200[–2600] m. (0–700[–8500] ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)
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FL; NC; NJ; SC; VA
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Discussion | The hexaploid Ludwigia brevipes is mainly restricted to the Atlantic coastal plain from central and eastern South Carolina to eastern North Carolina and extreme southeastern Virginia. The type collection of L. brevipes from middle New Jersey remains the only disjunct population north of the main range of this species more than 100 years after it was found. In 1988, an isolated population was found in the panhandle of Florida (Escambia County, Burkhalter 11065, MO) far to the southwest of the main range of L. brevipes; other reports of the species from Florida were erroneous (C. I. Peng 1989). Ludwigia brevipes is known to hybridize with L. palustris producing the sterile L. ×lacustris Eames. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Macrocarpon | Onagraceae > subfam. Ludwigioideae > Ludwigia > sect. Isnardia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Jussiaea bonariensis, J. neglecta, J. suffruticosa var. bonariensis | Ludwigiantha brevipes |
Name authority | (Micheli) H. Hara: J. Jap. Bot. 28: 291. (1953) | (Long) Eames: Rhodora 35: 228. (1933) — (as Ludvigia) |
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