Lolium perenne |
Lolium temulentum |
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English ryegrass, ivraie vivace, perennial rye grass, Ray-grass anglais |
bearded ryegrass, darnel, darnel rye-grass, poison darnel, tare |
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Habit | Plants long-lived perennials. | Plants annual. | ||||
Culms | to 100 cm. |
to 120 cm. |
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Leaves | folded in the bud; blades usually 10-30 cm long, (1)2-4(6) mm wide. |
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Blades | to 27 cm long, 1-12 mm wide. |
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Spikes | 3-30 cm, with 5-37 spikelets; rachises 0.5-2.5 mm thick at the nodes, often flexuous. |
2-40 cm, with 3-26 spikelets; rachises 0.5-3.5 mm thick at the nodes, spikelets not sunken in the rachises, not concealed by the glumes. |
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Spikelets | 5-22 mm long, 1-7 mm wide, with (2)5-9(10) florets. |
5-28 mm long, 1-8 mm wide, with 2-10 florets. |
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Glumes | 3.5-15 mm, (1/3) 1/2 - 3/4 as long as to slightly exceeding the distal florets, membranous to indurate; lemmas 3.5-9 mm long, 0.8-2 mm wide, unawned or awned, awns to about 8 mm, attached 0.2-0.7 mm below the apices; paleas shorter than to slightly longer than the lemmas; anthers 2-4.2 mm. |
5-28 mm, membranous to indurate; lemmas 3.5-8.5 mm long, 1.2-3 mm wide, unawned or awned, awns to 23 mm, attached 0.2-2 mm below the apices; paleas 1.2 mm shorter than to 0.8 mm longer than the lemmas, often wrinkled; anthers 1.5-4 mm. |
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Caryopses | 3-5.5 mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm wide, 3 or more times longer than wide. |
3.2-7 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, 2-3 times longer than wide, turgid. |
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2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
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Lolium perenne |
Lolium temulentum |
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Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; PR; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; ON; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | Lolium perenne, a Eurasian species, is now established in disturbed areas throughout much of the Flora region. It is commercially important, being included in lawn seed mixtures as well as being used for forage and erosion prevention. Lolium perenne intergrades and is interfertile with L. multiflorum; it also intergrades with L. rigidum. Typical L. perenne differs from L. multiflorum in being a shorter, longer-lived perennial with narrower leaves that are folded, rather than rolled, in the bud. Hybrids between the two species are called Lolium xhybridum Hausskn. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lolium temulentum is said to be the tares of the Bible. Its two subspecies differ mainly in quantitative characters. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 455. | FNA vol. 24, p. 456. | ||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Lolium | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Lolium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | L. var. perenne var. perenne, L. perenne var. cristatum | L. temulentum var. macrochaeton, L. temulentum var. leptochaeton, L. temulentum var. arvense, L. multiflorum var. ramosum | ||||
Name authority | L. | L. | ||||
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