Lithophragma trifoliatum |
Lithophragma tenellum |
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slender fringecup, slender prairie star, slender woodland-star, woodland star |
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Habit | Plants slender. | Plants slender. |
Flowering stems | simple, 20–50 cm. |
simple, 15–30 cm. |
Leaves | in basal rosette and cauline, basal digitately 3-lobed, segments again lobed, cauline (2–3), 3-foliolate or deeply lobed, reduced, similar to basal (except lobes longer); stipules large, decurrent on petiole base; petiole to 11 cm; blade dark green or reddish green, orbiculate, (base hastate), surfaces densely hairy. |
in basal rosette and cauline, basal unlobed, irregularly 3–5-lobed, or digitately lobed, sometimes almost pinnatifid, cauline (2), deeply 3-lobed, appearing pinnatifid, much reduced, more highly dissected than basal; stipules broad, decurrent on petiole base, (margins fimbriate); petiole to 8 cm; blade light green, orbiculate, (base hastate), surfaces sparsely hairy. |
Inflorescences | usually 1, (lax), nodding, 4–8-flowered racemes, simple. |
1–5, (compact), erect, 3–12-flowered racemes, simple, (10–12 cm). |
Pedicels | not exceeding length of hypanthium. |
shorter than hypanthium. |
Flowers | deciduous if unfertilized, fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium elongate-obconic, elongating in fruit, abruptly expanding, open at throat, (9–11 mm, length 3–4 times diam.); sepals erect, triangular; petals widely spreading, pink, obovate-rhombic, narrowly clawed, 3-lobed, 4–14 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary 1/2+ to ± entirely inferior; styles included in fruit; stigma papillae in narrow subapical band. |
persistent, not fragrant, slightly pendulous; hypanthium campanulate or hemispheric, becoming elongate-campanulate in fruit, open at throat; sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular; petals (exserted), widely spreading, pink, sometimes white, ovate, narrowly clawed, palmately 5–7-lobed, (sinuses extending 1/3–1/2 distance to base), 3–7 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary to 1/2 inferior; styles exserted slightly in fruit; stigma papillae in narrow subapical band. |
Seeds | 0.6–0.7 mm, smooth or wrinkled. |
0.6–0.7 mm, smooth or wrinkled. |
2n | = 28. |
= 14, 35. |
Lithophragma trifoliatum |
Lithophragma tenellum |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering (Feb-)May–Jun(-Aug). |
Habitat | Exposed runnels or near small streams, oak-coniferous woodland | Sagebrush desert in mountainous regions or high plateaus, dry, open forest, meadows, grasslands, and shrublands, sometimes in mesic subalpine habitats with Lithophragma parviflorum and L. glabrum |
Elevation | 40-700 m (100-2300 ft) | 1200-3000(-3400) m (3900-9800(-11200) ft) |
Distribution |
CA |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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Discussion | Lithophragma trifoliatum is known from the western slope of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada in California. It is closely related to L. parviflorum and was considered a variety by P. E. Elvander (1993). The shape of the hypanthium, the fragrant flowers, the relatively large pink petals, and the relatively large seeds are distinctive. Lithophragma trifoliatum rarely produces seed; in cultivation, self-pollination was unsuccessful (R. L. Taylor 1965). It may represent a sterile derivative of L. parviflorum that now persists by vegetative reproduction. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lithophragma tenellum usually occurs on the eastern side of the Cascade Mountains and in the Rocky Mountains, Nevada, and Utah into western North America. Taxonomy of Lithophragma tenellum is poorly understood because there are few collections from widely divergent geographical areas. The northwestern population (Washington, British Columbia) has been separated as a distinct species (L. thompsonii) based on the extent of the basal leaf lobation, which often shows considerable variation in all species. However, other populations in the Rocky Mountains, Nevada, and Utah have been observed with this lobation, as has Washington-British Columbia material having the more typical leaf form. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 80. | FNA vol. 8, p. 79. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. parviflorum var. trifoliatum | L. australe, L. brevilobum, L. rupicola, L. tenellum var. thompsonii, L. thompsonii, Tellima tenella |
Name authority | Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 200. 1905 (as trifoliata), | Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 584. 1840 (as tenella) , |
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