Lithophragma trifoliatum |
Lithophragma campanulatum |
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Siskiyou Mountain woodland-star, siskyou mountain woodland star |
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Habit | Plants slender. | Plants slender to robust. |
Flowering stems | simple, 20–50 cm. |
often branched, 25–45 cm. |
Leaves | in basal rosette and cauline, basal digitately 3-lobed, segments again lobed, cauline (2–3), 3-foliolate or deeply lobed, reduced, similar to basal (except lobes longer); stipules large, decurrent on petiole base; petiole to 11 cm; blade dark green or reddish green, orbiculate, (base hastate), surfaces densely hairy. |
in basal rosette and cauline, basal 3-lobed, cauline (1–2), 3-lobed, reduced, more finely dissected than basal; stipules small, not decurrent on petiole, (margins raggedly fimbriate); petiole 4–8 cm; blade dark green or reddish green, orbiculate, (base rounded), surfaces moderately hairy. |
Inflorescences | usually 1, (lax), nodding, 4–8-flowered racemes, simple. |
1–3, (lax), erect, 2–11-flowered racemes, sometimes branched, (10–25 cm). |
Pedicels | not exceeding length of hypanthium. |
shorter than hypanthium, (flowers ± sessile). |
Flowers | deciduous if unfertilized, fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium elongate-obconic, elongating in fruit, abruptly expanding, open at throat, (9–11 mm, length 3–4 times diam.); sepals erect, triangular; petals widely spreading, pink, obovate-rhombic, narrowly clawed, 3-lobed, 4–14 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary 1/2+ to ± entirely inferior; styles included in fruit; stigma papillae in narrow subapical band. |
persistent, fragrant, pendulous; hypanthium broadly campanulate, elongating slightly in fruit, throat not constricted, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular; petals (partly included), spreading, white, ovate-elliptic, lamina tonguelike, narrowly clawed, palmately lobed, 3–7 mm, ultimate margins lacerate; ovary superior; styles well exserted in fruit; stigma papillae apical. |
Seeds | 0.6–0.7 mm, smooth or wrinkled. |
0.6 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 distinct rows, blunt). |
2n | = 28. |
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Lithophragma trifoliatum |
Lithophragma campanulatum |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Exposed runnels or near small streams, oak-coniferous woodland | Well-drained, moist, semishaded slopes with northern exposure, oak-coniferous woodlands |
Elevation | 40-700 m (100-2300 ft) | 100-2200 m (300-7200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA |
CA; OR
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Discussion | Lithophragma trifoliatum is known from the western slope of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada in California. It is closely related to L. parviflorum and was considered a variety by P. E. Elvander (1993). The shape of the hypanthium, the fragrant flowers, the relatively large pink petals, and the relatively large seeds are distinctive. Lithophragma trifoliatum rarely produces seed; in cultivation, self-pollination was unsuccessful (R. L. Taylor 1965). It may represent a sterile derivative of L. parviflorum that now persists by vegetative reproduction. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lithophragma campanulatum is known from the Siskiyou Mountains, adjacent Klamath and Cascade mountains, and adjacent Sierra Nevada in northern California and southern Oregon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 80. | FNA vol. 8, p. 81. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. parviflorum var. trifoliatum | L. laciniatum |
Name authority | Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 200. 1905 (as trifoliata), | Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 200. 1898 (as campanulata) , |
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