Lithophragma bolanderi |
Lithophragma heterophyllum |
|
---|---|---|
Bolander's woodland-star, hillstar |
hillside woodland-star, woodland star |
|
Habit | Plants usually robust. | Plants slender. |
Flowering stems | branched, (rarely bearing bulbils in place of flowers), 25–85 cm. |
simple, 20–40 cm. |
Leaves | in basal rosette and cauline, basal unlobed or 3–5-lobed, never deeply lobed, cauline (2–3+), alternate, often 3–4-lobed, much reduced, similar to basal, (rarely with axillary bulbils); stipules small, not decurrent on petiole, (margins fimbriate); petiole usually to 25 cm; blade green, orbiculate, surfaces hairy. |
in basal rosette and cauline, basal shallowly 2–5-lobed, cauline (2–10), 3-lobed with secondary teeth, usually much reduced, similar to basal, (bearing axillary bulbils, aerial bulbils may replace flowers in axils); stipules small, not decurrent onto petiole, (margins fimbriate); petiole to 8 cm; blade dark green or reddish green, orbiculate, (margins toothed), surfaces hairy. |
Inflorescences | 1–3, erect, 3–5(–25)-flowered racemes, 2(–3)-branched, (10–85 cm). |
1–4(–6), (lax), nodding, 2–6(–12)-flowered racemes, often many-branched, (15–50 cm). |
Pedicels | equaling or shorter than hypanthium, (flowers long-pedicellate). |
equaling or shorter than hypanthium, (flowers long-pedicellate). |
Flowers | persistent, fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium narrowly campanulate with obtuse base, usually not elongating in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular; petals (completely exserted), widely spreading, white, ovate-elliptic, narrowly clawed, usually unlobed with serrations at base, sometimes 3–5-lobed, 4–7 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary to 1/2 inferior; styles slightly exerted in fruit; stigma papillae apical. |
persistent, not fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium narrowly campanulate with truncate base, not elongating in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect in bud, becoming widely spreading after anthesis, triangular; petals (completely exserted), widely spreading, (lax), white, obovate-pandurate, lamina spoon-shaped, narrowly clawed, unlobed or 3(–5)-lobed, 5–12 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary superior; styles much exserted in fruit; stigma papillae apical. |
Seeds | 0.3–5 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, spinelike). |
0.4–0.5 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, blunt). |
2n | = 14, 28, 35, 42. |
= 14. |
Lithophragma bolanderi |
Lithophragma heterophyllum |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Jun. |
Habitat | Well-drained, open, grassy areas of oak or coniferous-oak woodland | Partly or fully shaded, well-drained slopes of oak or mixed coniferous-oak woodland |
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA; OR
|
Discussion | Lithophragma bolanderi is known from California along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada from Shasta County to the San Gabriel Mountains and the north-central inner coastal mountains around San Francisco Bay north to Mendocino County. Variable vegetative features, such as petal shape, size of seeds, and general growth habit, are the result of environmental factors and gene interchange among species. Lithophragma bolanderi is best distinguished from L. heterophyllum by the shape of the hypanthium base, position of styles and stigmas in fruit, length of seed tubercles, and general outline of the petals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lithophragma heterophyllum is known in the coastal mountains of southern Oregon and in California from Humboldt to Los Angeles counties. Its variable morphology is associated with the amount of available moisture and site exposure. Sympatric populations of Lithophragma heterophyllum and L. bolanderi occur in the south-central California Coast Ranges. The distinguishing characteristics for L. heterophyllum are hypanthium shape, petal outline, and exsertion of stigma and style in fruit. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 82. | FNA vol. 8, p. 82. |
Parent taxa | Saxifragaceae > Lithophragma | Saxifragaceae > Lithophragma |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. heterophyllum var. bolanderi, L. heterophyllum var. scabrellum, L. scabrellum, L. scabrellum var. peirsonii, Tellima heterophylla var. bolanderi, Tellima scabrella | Tellima heterophylla, L. trilobum |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 535. 1865 , | (Hooker & Arnott) Hooker & Arnott: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 584. 1840 (as heterophylla) , |
Web links |