Lithophragma bolanderi |
Lithophragma glabrum |
|
---|---|---|
Bolander's woodland-star, hillstar |
bulbed woodland star, bulbiferous prairie-star, bulbous woodland-star, smooth fringecup, smooth woodland-star |
|
Habit | Plants usually robust. | Plants (often red), usually fragile, (flowers sometimes replaced with bulbils). |
Flowering stems | branched, (rarely bearing bulbils in place of flowers), 25–85 cm. |
simple, 8–35 cm. |
Leaves | in basal rosette and cauline, basal unlobed or 3–5-lobed, never deeply lobed, cauline (2–3+), alternate, often 3–4-lobed, much reduced, similar to basal, (rarely with axillary bulbils); stipules small, not decurrent on petiole, (margins fimbriate); petiole usually to 25 cm; blade green, orbiculate, surfaces hairy. |
in basal rosette and cauline, basal 3-lobed, (segments 3–4-lobed, round), cauline (2–4), 3-lobed or -foliolate, much reduced, similar to basal, (segments or leaflets simple or 1–3-lobed, often with axillary bulbils); stipules large, not decurrent on petiole, (margins fimbriate); petiole 1–4(–8) cm; blade green, orbiculate, base cordate, surfaces nearly glabrous or sparingly hairy. |
Inflorescences | 1–3, erect, 3–5(–25)-flowered racemes, 2(–3)-branched, (10–85 cm). |
solitary flowers or erect, 2–5(–7)-flowered racemes, often appearing corymbose, rarely branched unless plant with bulbils, (8–20 cm, flowers sometimes replaced with bulbils). |
Pedicels | equaling or shorter than hypanthium, (flowers long-pedicellate). |
to 3–4 times length of hypanthium, (flowers long-pedicellate). |
Flowers | persistent, fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium narrowly campanulate with obtuse base, usually not elongating in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular; petals (completely exserted), widely spreading, white, ovate-elliptic, narrowly clawed, usually unlobed with serrations at base, sometimes 3–5-lobed, 4–7 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary to 1/2 inferior; styles slightly exerted in fruit; stigma papillae apical. |
persistent, not fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium narrowly campanulate with acute or hemispheric base, elongating slightly in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular; petals (completely exserted), widely spreading, usually pink, rarely white, ovate, narrowly clawed, deeply and palmately 5-lobed, (without serrations at base, sinuses extending 4/5+ to base of lamina), 3.5–7 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary to 1/2 inferior; styles slightly exserted in fruit; stigma papillae apical. |
Seeds | 0.3–5 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, spinelike). |
0.5–0.6 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, blunt or spinelike). |
2n | = 14, 28, 35, 42. |
= 14, 28. |
Lithophragma bolanderi |
Lithophragma glabrum |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Feb–Sep. |
Habitat | Well-drained, open, grassy areas of oak or coniferous-oak woodland | Seacoast bluffs and rocky meadows, open forests, grasslands and sagebrush shrublands to dry, open, gravelly subalpine sites |
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | 30-3600 m (100-11800 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK
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Discussion | Lithophragma bolanderi is known from California along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada from Shasta County to the San Gabriel Mountains and the north-central inner coastal mountains around San Francisco Bay north to Mendocino County. Variable vegetative features, such as petal shape, size of seeds, and general growth habit, are the result of environmental factors and gene interchange among species. Lithophragma bolanderi is best distinguished from L. heterophyllum by the shape of the hypanthium base, position of styles and stigmas in fruit, length of seed tubercles, and general outline of the petals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The presence or absence of bulbils is the only feature distinguishing Lithophragma glabrum and L. bulbiferum; for this reason L. bulbiferum is not recognized in this treatment. Bulbil production is extremely variable within the same clone in L. heterophyllum (R. L. Taylor 1965). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 82. | FNA vol. 8, p. 83. |
Parent taxa | Saxifragaceae > Lithophragma | Saxifragaceae > Lithophragma |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. heterophyllum var. bolanderi, L. heterophyllum var. scabrellum, L. scabrellum, L. scabrellum var. peirsonii, Tellima heterophylla var. bolanderi, Tellima scabrella | L. bulbiferum, L. glabrum var. bulbiferum, L. tenellum var. floridum, Tellima bulbifera, Tellima glabra |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 535. 1865 , | Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 584. 1840 (as glabra) , |
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