Flora of North America species comparison

branched, (rarely bearing bulbils in place of flowers), 25–85 cm.

simple, 20–40 cm.

in basal rosette and cauline, basal unlobed or 3–5-lobed, never deeply lobed, cauline (2–3+), alternate, often 3–4-lobed, much reduced, similar to basal, (rarely with axillary bulbils);

stipules small, not decurrent on petiole, (margins fimbriate);

petiole usually to 25 cm;

blade green, orbiculate, surfaces hairy.

in basal rosette and cauline, basal weakly 3-lobed, cauline (2), opposite, (1 pair), deeply 3-lobed, reduced, similar to basal;

stipules narrow, not decurrent on petiole, (margins fimbriate);

petiole to 9 cm;

blade dark green or reddish green, reniform, (base ligulate), surfaces sparsely hairy.

1–3, erect, 3–5(–25)-flowered racemes, 2(–3)-branched, (10–85 cm).

solitary flowers or 1–3, (lax), nodding, 2–5(–8)-flowered racemes, simple, (10–40 cm).

equaling or shorter than hypanthium, (flowers long-pedicellate).

1.5–2 times longer than hypanthium.

persistent, fragrant, horizontal;

hypanthium narrowly campanulate with obtuse base, usually not elongating in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.);

sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular;

petals (completely exserted), widely spreading, white, ovate-elliptic, narrowly clawed, usually unlobed with serrations at base, sometimes 3–5-lobed, 4–7 mm, ultimate margins entire;

ovary to 1/2 inferior;

styles slightly exerted in fruit;

stigma papillae apical.

persistent, fragrant, vertical;

hypanthium turbinate, elongating in fruit, open at throat, (length 2 times diam.);

sepals erect, becoming wide-spreading after anthesis, triangular;

petals (exserted), widely spreading, white, ovate, narrowly clawed, unlobed, (bowl-shaped), 4–8 mm, ultimate margins entire;

ovary 1/2 inferior;

styles included in fruit;

stigma papillae apical.

0.3–5 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, spinelike).

0.4 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, blunt or spinelike).

= 14, 28, 35, 42.

= 14 + 1.