Lithophragma bolanderi |
Lithophragma cymbalaria |
|
---|---|---|
Bolander's woodland-star, hillstar |
mission star, mission woodland-star |
|
Habit | Plants usually robust. | Plants slender. |
Flowering stems | branched, (rarely bearing bulbils in place of flowers), 25–85 cm. |
simple, 20–40 cm. |
Leaves | in basal rosette and cauline, basal unlobed or 3–5-lobed, never deeply lobed, cauline (2–3+), alternate, often 3–4-lobed, much reduced, similar to basal, (rarely with axillary bulbils); stipules small, not decurrent on petiole, (margins fimbriate); petiole usually to 25 cm; blade green, orbiculate, surfaces hairy. |
in basal rosette and cauline, basal weakly 3-lobed, cauline (2), opposite, (1 pair), deeply 3-lobed, reduced, similar to basal; stipules narrow, not decurrent on petiole, (margins fimbriate); petiole to 9 cm; blade dark green or reddish green, reniform, (base ligulate), surfaces sparsely hairy. |
Inflorescences | 1–3, erect, 3–5(–25)-flowered racemes, 2(–3)-branched, (10–85 cm). |
solitary flowers or 1–3, (lax), nodding, 2–5(–8)-flowered racemes, simple, (10–40 cm). |
Pedicels | equaling or shorter than hypanthium, (flowers long-pedicellate). |
1.5–2 times longer than hypanthium. |
Flowers | persistent, fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium narrowly campanulate with obtuse base, usually not elongating in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular; petals (completely exserted), widely spreading, white, ovate-elliptic, narrowly clawed, usually unlobed with serrations at base, sometimes 3–5-lobed, 4–7 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary to 1/2 inferior; styles slightly exerted in fruit; stigma papillae apical. |
persistent, fragrant, vertical; hypanthium turbinate, elongating in fruit, open at throat, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect, becoming wide-spreading after anthesis, triangular; petals (exserted), widely spreading, white, ovate, narrowly clawed, unlobed, (bowl-shaped), 4–8 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary 1/2 inferior; styles included in fruit; stigma papillae apical. |
Seeds | 0.3–5 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, spinelike). |
0.4 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, blunt or spinelike). |
2n | = 14, 28, 35, 42. |
= 14 + 1. |
Lithophragma bolanderi |
Lithophragma cymbalaria |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Apr. |
Habitat | Well-drained, open, grassy areas of oak or coniferous-oak woodland | Shady oak-manzanita/arbutus woodland, mountainous regions, drainage courses |
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA
|
Discussion | Lithophragma bolanderi is known from California along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada from Shasta County to the San Gabriel Mountains and the north-central inner coastal mountains around San Francisco Bay north to Mendocino County. Variable vegetative features, such as petal shape, size of seeds, and general growth habit, are the result of environmental factors and gene interchange among species. Lithophragma bolanderi is best distinguished from L. heterophyllum by the shape of the hypanthium base, position of styles and stigmas in fruit, length of seed tubercles, and general outline of the petals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lithophragma cymbalaria is the only species of the genus with a single pair of opposite cauline leaves. It shows a high degree of self-compatibility, with abundant seeds produced; it may produce abundant bulbils. It is found from Stanislaus County to Santa Barbara County including the northern Channel Islands. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 82. | FNA vol. 8, p. 81. |
Parent taxa | Saxifragaceae > Lithophragma | Saxifragaceae > Lithophragma |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. heterophyllum var. bolanderi, L. heterophyllum var. scabrellum, L. scabrellum, L. scabrellum var. peirsonii, Tellima heterophylla var. bolanderi, Tellima scabrella | Tellima cymbalaria |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 535. 1865 , | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 585. 1840 , |
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