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Bolander's woodland-star, hillstar

Siskiyou Mountain woodland-star, siskyou mountain woodland star

Habit Plants usually robust. Plants slender to robust.
Flowering stems

branched, (rarely bearing bulbils in place of flowers), 25–85 cm.

often branched, 25–45 cm.

Leaves

in basal rosette and cauline, basal unlobed or 3–5-lobed, never deeply lobed, cauline (2–3+), alternate, often 3–4-lobed, much reduced, similar to basal, (rarely with axillary bulbils);

stipules small, not decurrent on petiole, (margins fimbriate);

petiole usually to 25 cm;

blade green, orbiculate, surfaces hairy.

in basal rosette and cauline, basal 3-lobed, cauline (1–2), 3-lobed, reduced, more finely dissected than basal;

stipules small, not decurrent on petiole, (margins raggedly fimbriate);

petiole 4–8 cm;

blade dark green or reddish green, orbiculate, (base rounded), surfaces moderately hairy.

Inflorescences

1–3, erect, 3–5(–25)-flowered racemes, 2(–3)-branched, (10–85 cm).

1–3, (lax), erect, 2–11-flowered racemes, sometimes branched, (10–25 cm).

Pedicels

equaling or shorter than hypanthium, (flowers long-pedicellate).

shorter than hypanthium, (flowers ± sessile).

Flowers

persistent, fragrant, horizontal;

hypanthium narrowly campanulate with obtuse base, usually not elongating in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.);

sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular;

petals (completely exserted), widely spreading, white, ovate-elliptic, narrowly clawed, usually unlobed with serrations at base, sometimes 3–5-lobed, 4–7 mm, ultimate margins entire;

ovary to 1/2 inferior;

styles slightly exerted in fruit;

stigma papillae apical.

persistent, fragrant, pendulous;

hypanthium broadly campanulate, elongating slightly in fruit, throat not constricted, (length 2 times diam.);

sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular;

petals (partly included), spreading, white, ovate-elliptic, lamina tonguelike, narrowly clawed, palmately lobed, 3–7 mm, ultimate margins lacerate;

ovary superior;

styles well exserted in fruit;

stigma papillae apical.

Seeds

0.3–5 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, spinelike).

0.6 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 distinct rows, blunt).

2n

= 14, 28, 35, 42.

Lithophragma bolanderi

Lithophragma campanulatum

Phenology Flowering May–Jun. Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Well-drained, open, grassy areas of oak or coniferous-oak woodland Well-drained, moist, semishaded slopes with northern exposure, oak-coniferous woodlands
Elevation 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) 100-2200 m (300-7200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Lithophragma bolanderi is known from California along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada from Shasta County to the San Gabriel Mountains and the north-central inner coastal mountains around San Francisco Bay north to Mendocino County.

Variable vegetative features, such as petal shape, size of seeds, and general growth habit, are the result of environmental factors and gene interchange among species. Lithophragma bolanderi is best distinguished from L. heterophyllum by the shape of the hypanthium base, position of styles and stigmas in fruit, length of seed tubercles, and general outline of the petals.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Lithophragma campanulatum is known from the Siskiyou Mountains, adjacent Klamath and Cascade mountains, and adjacent Sierra Nevada in northern California and southern Oregon.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 82. FNA vol. 8, p. 81.
Parent taxa Saxifragaceae > Lithophragma Saxifragaceae > Lithophragma
Sibling taxa
L. affine, L. campanulatum, L. cymbalaria, L. glabrum, L. heterophyllum, L. maximum, L. parviflorum, L. tenellum, L. trifoliatum
L. affine, L. bolanderi, L. cymbalaria, L. glabrum, L. heterophyllum, L. maximum, L. parviflorum, L. tenellum, L. trifoliatum
Synonyms L. heterophyllum var. bolanderi, L. heterophyllum var. scabrellum, L. scabrellum, L. scabrellum var. peirsonii, Tellima heterophylla var. bolanderi, Tellima scabrella L. laciniatum
Name authority A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 535. 1865 , Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 200. 1898 (as campanulata) ,
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