Flora of North America species comparison

branched, (rarely bearing bulbils in place of flowers), 25–85 cm.

erect, leafy, 8–85 cm, stipitate-glandular.

in basal rosette and cauline, basal unlobed or 3–5-lobed, never deeply lobed, cauline (2–3+), alternate, often 3–4-lobed, much reduced, similar to basal, (rarely with axillary bulbils);

stipules small, not decurrent on petiole, (margins fimbriate);

petiole usually to 25 cm;

blade green, orbiculate, surfaces hairy.

in basal rosette and cauline;

cauline leaves (1–)2(–10), usually alternate (opposite in L. cymbalaria), unlobed, lobed, or palmately compound, sometimes with bulbils in axils;

stipules present;

petiole stipitate-glandular;

blade rhombic or orbiculate to reniform, lobed, base cordate, hastate, rounded, ligulate, or cuneate, ultimate margins entire or toothed, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces often stipitate-glandular;

venation palmate.

1–3, erect, 3–5(–25)-flowered racemes, 2(–3)-branched, (10–85 cm).

compact or lax racemes, arising from axillary buds in basal rosette, 2–12(–25)-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, (flowers sometimes replaced by bulbils), bracteate.

equaling or shorter than hypanthium, (flowers long-pedicellate).

persistent, fragrant, horizontal;

hypanthium narrowly campanulate with obtuse base, usually not elongating in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.);

sepals erect in bud, widely spreading after anthesis, triangular;

petals (completely exserted), widely spreading, white, ovate-elliptic, narrowly clawed, usually unlobed with serrations at base, sometimes 3–5-lobed, 4–7 mm, ultimate margins entire;

ovary to 1/2 inferior;

styles slightly exerted in fruit;

stigma papillae apical.

hypanthium partially adnate to proximal 1/2 to entire length of ovary, free from ovary 1–2 mm, green;

sepals 5, green tinged with red;

petals 5, white or pink; nectariferous tissue inconspicuous;

stamens 10, (inserted on hypanthium, inner whorl attached proximal to point of petal insertion);

filaments filiform; (anthers cordate);

pistil 3-carpellate;

ovary superior to 1/2 or almost completely inferior, 1-locular, carpels fully connate at ovaries;

placentation parietal;

styles 3;

stigmas 3.

3-beaked.

0.3–5 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, spinelike).

(50–200), usually dark brown, ovoid, smooth, wrinkled, or tuberculate.

= 7.

= 14, 28, 35, 42.