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Appalachian twayblade, kidney-leaf twayblade

northwest twayblade, northwestern twayblade

Habit Plants 5–35 cm. Plants 5–30 cm.
Stems

slender, succulent, glabrous.

green, succulent, glabrous.

Leaves

blade dark green, ovate-reniform, 2–4 × 1.5–3.5 cm, apex acute, mucronate, or apiculate to short-acuminate.

blade green, ovate to elliptic, 2.5–7 × 1.8–4.5 cm, apex rounded to obtuse or subacute.

Inflorescences

5–15-flowered, lax, 40–100 mm;

floral bracts ovate, 3–4 × 1.5 mm, apex acute;

peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent.

5–30-flowered, lax, 50–130 mm;

floral bracts rhombic-ovate to lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous to slightly glandular;

peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

green, purple-brown, to pinkish tan;

pedicel slender, 6–7 mm, glabrous;

sepals strongly reflexed;

dorsal sepal lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3–4 × 1 mm, apex acute;

lateral sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3–4 × 1 mm, apex acute;

petals slightly reflexed, linear to linear-lanceolate, margins slightly revolute, apex acute;

lip sessile, broadly obovate to cuneate, 6–10 × 5–7 mm, base with rounded lobule on each side, apex dilated and deeply cleft into pair of ± divergent broadly rounded lobes, shallowly toothed in sinus;

column slightly arcuate, short, 1.5–3 × 1–2 mm.

yellowish green, small;

pedicel filiform, 4–12 mm, glandular-puberulent;

sepals and petals distinct and free, spreading, only slightly reflexed;

dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2.8–4 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate;

lateral sepals linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, falcate, 2.8–4 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate;

petals linear to linear-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 2.8–3.5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate;

lip sessile, cuneate to obovate, 4.5–6 × 2–4.5 mm, apex rounded to retuse, apiculate, apical margin slightly erose or crenulate;

disc with pair of dark green stripes, each swollen at base and with small horn 1 mm from top of each swelling;

column short, 1.5–2 × 1 mm.

Capsules

semierect, ellipsoid, 5 × 3 mm.

semierect, ovoid to subglobose, 5 × 4 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 38.

= 34.

Listera smallii

Listera caurina

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jul. Flowering late Apr–Sep.
Habitat Damp humus in shady forests of Appalachian Mountains, often beneath Rhododendron in acidic soil, also in sphagnous thickets and bogs Dry litter of mixed and coniferous forests, dense moist, coniferous forests, and on boggy wooded slopes, also damp to wet conditions on moss-covered rocks or in mossy soil
Elevation 600–1300 m (2000–4300 ft) 100–2200 m (300–7200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AK; CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Listera nipponica Makino, a species similar to L. smallii, occurs in the mountains of Japan.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 591. FNA vol. 26, p. 591.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera
Sibling taxa
L. auriculata, L. australis, L. borealis, L. caurina, L. convallarioides, L. cordata, L. ovata
L. auriculata, L. australis, L. borealis, L. convallarioides, L. cordata, L. ovata, L. smallii
Synonyms L. reniformis, Bifolium smallii, Neottia smallii, Ophrys smallii L. retusa, Neottia caurina, Ophrys caurina
Name authority Wiegand: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 169. (1899) Piper: Erythea 6: 32. (1898)
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