Listera smallii |
Listera caurina |
|
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Appalachian twayblade, kidney-leaf twayblade |
northwest twayblade, northwestern twayblade |
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Habit | Plants 5–35 cm. | Plants 5–30 cm. |
Stems | slender, succulent, glabrous. |
green, succulent, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade dark green, ovate-reniform, 2–4 × 1.5–3.5 cm, apex acute, mucronate, or apiculate to short-acuminate. |
blade green, ovate to elliptic, 2.5–7 × 1.8–4.5 cm, apex rounded to obtuse or subacute. |
Inflorescences | 5–15-flowered, lax, 40–100 mm; floral bracts ovate, 3–4 × 1.5 mm, apex acute; peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent. |
5–30-flowered, lax, 50–130 mm; floral bracts rhombic-ovate to lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous to slightly glandular; peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent. |
Flowers | green, purple-brown, to pinkish tan; pedicel slender, 6–7 mm, glabrous; sepals strongly reflexed; dorsal sepal lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3–4 × 1 mm, apex acute; lateral sepals lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3–4 × 1 mm, apex acute; petals slightly reflexed, linear to linear-lanceolate, margins slightly revolute, apex acute; lip sessile, broadly obovate to cuneate, 6–10 × 5–7 mm, base with rounded lobule on each side, apex dilated and deeply cleft into pair of ± divergent broadly rounded lobes, shallowly toothed in sinus; column slightly arcuate, short, 1.5–3 × 1–2 mm. |
yellowish green, small; pedicel filiform, 4–12 mm, glandular-puberulent; sepals and petals distinct and free, spreading, only slightly reflexed; dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2.8–4 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate; lateral sepals linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, falcate, 2.8–4 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate; petals linear to linear-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 2.8–3.5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate; lip sessile, cuneate to obovate, 4.5–6 × 2–4.5 mm, apex rounded to retuse, apiculate, apical margin slightly erose or crenulate; disc with pair of dark green stripes, each swollen at base and with small horn 1 mm from top of each swelling; column short, 1.5–2 × 1 mm. |
Capsules | semierect, ellipsoid, 5 × 3 mm. |
semierect, ovoid to subglobose, 5 × 4 mm, glabrous. |
2n | = 38. |
= 34. |
Listera smallii |
Listera caurina |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | Flowering late Apr–Sep. |
Habitat | Damp humus in shady forests of Appalachian Mountains, often beneath Rhododendron in acidic soil, also in sphagnous thickets and bogs | Dry litter of mixed and coniferous forests, dense moist, coniferous forests, and on boggy wooded slopes, also damp to wet conditions on moss-covered rocks or in mossy soil |
Elevation | 600–1300 m (2000–4300 ft) | 100–2200 m (300–7200 ft) |
Distribution |
GA; KY; MD; NC; NJ; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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AK; CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
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Discussion | Listera nipponica Makino, a species similar to L. smallii, occurs in the mountains of Japan. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 591. | FNA vol. 26, p. 591. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. reniformis, Bifolium smallii, Neottia smallii, Ophrys smallii | L. retusa, Neottia caurina, Ophrys caurina |
Name authority | Wiegand: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 169. (1899) | Piper: Erythea 6: 32. (1898) |
Web links |
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