Listera cordata |
Listera ovata |
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heart-leaf twayblade |
common twayblade, eggleaf twayblade |
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Habit | Plants 5–33 cm. | Plants 20–60 cm. | ||||
Stem(s) | green to reddish purple, succulent, glabrous. |
green, stout, succulent, glabrous. |
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Leaves | blade broadly to narrowly ovate-cordate or deltate, 0.9–2(–4) × 0.7–2(–3.8) cm, apex mucronate. |
blade yellow-green to green, ovate-elliptic, 10–17 × 10–12 cm, apex acute. |
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Inflorescences | 5–25-flowered, lax to dense, 20–100 mm, slender; floral bracts ovate, 1–1.5 × 1 mm; peduncle and rachis slightly glandular-puberulent or glabrate; bracts, pedicel, and ovary glabrous. |
10–100-flowered, lax to dense, 10–50 cm; floral bracts lanceolate, 3 × 1 mm; peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent. |
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Flowers | yellow-green, green, or reddish purple; pedicel slender, 2–3 mm; dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2–3 × 1 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, slightly falcate, 2–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm, apex obtuse; petals elliptic to oblong-linear, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm, apex obtuse; lip linear-oblong, cleft 1/2 –2/3 its length into 2 linear-lanceolate lobes, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm; disc with pair of spreading, linear lobes, apices acute; column 0.5 × 0.5 mm. |
yellowish green; pedicels stout, 3–4 mm, slightly glandular-pubescent; sepals and petals projecting forward, connivent, forming hood over column; dorsal sepal ovate, concave, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals ovate, concave, falcate, 4 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse; petals linear, concave, 4 × 1 mm, apex obtuse; lip acutely deflexed near base, sessile, linear, apical 1/2 expanded, cleft into bluntly rounded lobes separated by tooth in sinus; disc with longitudinal thickened ridge leading to deflection, 8–10 × 4 mm; column short, 2 × 1.5 mm. |
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Capsules | semierect, subglobose, 5 × 4 mm. |
semierect, ellipsoid, 10 × 6 mm. |
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2n | = 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42. |
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Listera cordata |
Listera ovata |
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Phenology | Flowering late Jun–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Moist rich humus, or in disturbed areas | |||||
Elevation | 700–800 m (2300–2600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
n North America; Europe; Asia (Japan); Iceland
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ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America] |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Listera ovata is a large, robust, aggressive, and exceedingly common orchid weed found in many kinds of habitat throughout Europe into Siberia and India. It may have the potential to become a weedy orchid in North America just as Epipactis helleborine. Listera ovata was used by Charles Darwin in his investigation and description of the method of cross-fertilization in the genus Listera. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 588. | FNA vol. 26, p. 591. | ||||
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Ophrys cordata, Bifolium cordatum, Diphryllum cordatum, Distomaea cordata, Neottia cordata, Pollinirhiza cordata | Ophrys ovata, Diphryllum ovatum, Distomaea ovata, Epipactis ovata, Helleborine ovata, Neottia latifolia, Neottia ovata | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) R. Brown: in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. (1813) | (Linnaeus) R. Brown: in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. (1813) | ||||
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