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heart-leaf twayblade

common twayblade, eggleaf twayblade

Habit Plants 5–33 cm. Plants 20–60 cm.
Stem(s)

green to reddish purple, succulent, glabrous.

green, stout, succulent, glabrous.

Leaves

blade broadly to narrowly ovate-cordate or deltate, 0.9–2(–4) × 0.7–2(–3.8) cm, apex mucronate.

blade yellow-green to green, ovate-elliptic, 10–17 × 10–12 cm, apex acute.

Inflorescences

5–25-flowered, lax to dense, 20–100 mm, slender;

floral bracts ovate, 1–1.5 × 1 mm;

peduncle and rachis slightly glandular-puberulent or glabrate;

bracts, pedicel, and ovary glabrous.

10–100-flowered, lax to dense, 10–50 cm;

floral bracts lanceolate, 3 × 1 mm;

peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

yellow-green, green, or reddish purple;

pedicel slender, 2–3 mm;

dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2–3 × 1 mm, apex obtuse;

lateral sepals ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, slightly falcate, 2–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm, apex obtuse;

petals elliptic to oblong-linear, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm, apex obtuse;

lip linear-oblong, cleft 1/2 –2/3 its length into 2 linear-lanceolate lobes, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

disc with pair of spreading, linear lobes, apices acute;

column 0.5 × 0.5 mm.

yellowish green;

pedicels stout, 3–4 mm, slightly glandular-pubescent;

sepals and petals projecting forward, connivent, forming hood over column;

dorsal sepal ovate, concave, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse;

lateral sepals ovate, concave, falcate, 4 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse;

petals linear, concave, 4 × 1 mm, apex obtuse;

lip acutely deflexed near base, sessile, linear, apical 1/2 expanded, cleft into bluntly rounded lobes separated by tooth in sinus;

disc with longitudinal thickened ridge leading to deflection, 8–10 × 4 mm;

column short, 2 × 1.5 mm.

Capsules

semierect, subglobose, 5 × 4 mm. 

semierect, ellipsoid, 10 × 6 mm.

2n

= 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42.

Listera cordata

Listera ovata

Phenology Flowering late Jun–Jul.
Habitat Moist rich humus, or in disturbed areas
Elevation 700–800 m (2300–2600 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
n North America; Europe; Asia (Japan); Iceland
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Listera ovata is a large, robust, aggressive, and exceedingly common orchid weed found in many kinds of habitat throughout Europe into Siberia and India. It may have the potential to become a weedy orchid in North America just as Epipactis helleborine. Listera ovata was used by Charles Darwin in his investigation and description of the method of cross-fertilization in the genus Listera.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blades 0.7–2 cm wide; lip 3–4 mm; flowers yellow-green, green, or reddish purple.
var. cordata
1. Leaf blades 1.8–3.8 cm wide; lip 5–6 mm; flowers green to yellow-green.
var. nephrophylla
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 588. FNA vol. 26, p. 591.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera
Sibling taxa
L. auriculata, L. australis, L. borealis, L. caurina, L. convallarioides, L. ovata, L. smallii
L. auriculata, L. australis, L. borealis, L. caurina, L. convallarioides, L. cordata, L. smallii
Subordinate taxa
L. cordata var. cordata, L. cordata var. nephrophylla
Synonyms Ophrys cordata, Bifolium cordatum, Diphryllum cordatum, Distomaea cordata, Neottia cordata, Pollinirhiza cordata Ophrys ovata, Diphryllum ovatum, Distomaea ovata, Epipactis ovata, Helleborine ovata, Neottia latifolia, Neottia ovata
Name authority (Linnaeus) R. Brown: in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. (1813) (Linnaeus) R. Brown: in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. (1813)
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