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heart-leaf twayblade

southern twayblade

Habit Plants 5–33 cm. Plants 8–29 cm.
Stems

green to reddish purple, succulent, glabrous.

purplish green, succulent, glabrous.

Leaves

blade broadly to narrowly ovate-cordate or deltate, 0.9–2(–4) × 0.7–2(–3.8) cm, apex mucronate.

blade dark green, ovate, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 1.3–4 × 0.5–2.1 cm, base often subcordate, apex obtuse to apiculate.

Inflorescences

5–25-flowered, lax to dense, 20–100 mm, slender;

floral bracts ovate, 1–1.5 × 1 mm;

peduncle and rachis slightly glandular-puberulent or glabrate;

bracts, pedicel, and ovary glabrous.

5–25-flowered, lax, 45–110 mm;

floral bracts suborbiculate-ovate, 2 × 1 mm, apex obtuse;

peduncle and rachis slightly glandular-puberulent;

bracts, pedicel, and ovary glabrous.

Flowers

yellow-green, green, or reddish purple;

pedicel slender, 2–3 mm;

dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2–3 × 1 mm, apex obtuse;

lateral sepals ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, slightly falcate, 2–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm, apex obtuse;

petals elliptic to oblong-linear, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm, apex obtuse;

lip linear-oblong, cleft 1/2 –2/3 its length into 2 linear-lanceolate lobes, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

disc with pair of spreading, linear lobes, apices acute;

column 0.5 × 0.5 mm.

reddish purple;

pedicel filiform, 4–6 mm;

dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, concave, 1.5 × 1 mm, apex obtuse;

lateral sepals ovate, falcate, 1.5 × 1 mm, apex obtuse;

petals recurved, oblong, 1.5 × 0.5 mm, apex obtuse;

lip linear, 6–12 × 1.5–2 mm, base extended into 2 rounded, linear lobes, projecting distally, partially surrounding column, distal half split into 2 linear-lanceolate lobes with minute tooth in sinus;

column 0.5–1 × 0.5–1 mm.

Capsules

semierect, subglobose, 5 × 4 mm. 

horizontal, ovoid, 8 × 5 mm, with relatively few large seeds.

Listera cordata

Listera australis

Phenology Flowering Jan (Fla)–Jul.
Habitat Rich humus of low moist woods, marshes, sphagnum bogs, usually in association with rhizomes of cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea) and royal fern (O. regalis)
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
n North America; Europe; Asia (Japan); Iceland
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VT; NB; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Perianth parts of Listera australis persist as capsules mature. This is such a small orchid that it can easily be overlooked; it may have a wider distribution than recorded here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blades 0.7–2 cm wide; lip 3–4 mm; flowers yellow-green, green, or reddish purple.
var. cordata
1. Leaf blades 1.8–3.8 cm wide; lip 5–6 mm; flowers green to yellow-green.
var. nephrophylla
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 588. FNA vol. 26, p. 587.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera
Sibling taxa
L. auriculata, L. australis, L. borealis, L. caurina, L. convallarioides, L. ovata, L. smallii
L. auriculata, L. borealis, L. caurina, L. convallarioides, L. cordata, L. ovata, L. smallii
Subordinate taxa
L. cordata var. cordata, L. cordata var. nephrophylla
Synonyms Ophrys cordata, Bifolium cordatum, Diphryllum cordatum, Distomaea cordata, Neottia cordata, Pollinirhiza cordata Bifolium australe, Diphryllum australe, Neottia australis, Ophrys australis
Name authority (Linnaeus) R. Brown: in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. (1813) Lindley: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 456. (1840)
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