Listera cordata |
Listera australis |
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heart-leaf twayblade |
southern twayblade |
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Habit | Plants 5–33 cm. | Plants 8–29 cm. | ||||
Stems | green to reddish purple, succulent, glabrous. |
purplish green, succulent, glabrous. |
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Leaves | blade broadly to narrowly ovate-cordate or deltate, 0.9–2(–4) × 0.7–2(–3.8) cm, apex mucronate. |
blade dark green, ovate, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 1.3–4 × 0.5–2.1 cm, base often subcordate, apex obtuse to apiculate. |
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Inflorescences | 5–25-flowered, lax to dense, 20–100 mm, slender; floral bracts ovate, 1–1.5 × 1 mm; peduncle and rachis slightly glandular-puberulent or glabrate; bracts, pedicel, and ovary glabrous. |
5–25-flowered, lax, 45–110 mm; floral bracts suborbiculate-ovate, 2 × 1 mm, apex obtuse; peduncle and rachis slightly glandular-puberulent; bracts, pedicel, and ovary glabrous. |
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Flowers | yellow-green, green, or reddish purple; pedicel slender, 2–3 mm; dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2–3 × 1 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, slightly falcate, 2–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm, apex obtuse; petals elliptic to oblong-linear, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm, apex obtuse; lip linear-oblong, cleft 1/2 –2/3 its length into 2 linear-lanceolate lobes, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm; disc with pair of spreading, linear lobes, apices acute; column 0.5 × 0.5 mm. |
reddish purple; pedicel filiform, 4–6 mm; dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, concave, 1.5 × 1 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals ovate, falcate, 1.5 × 1 mm, apex obtuse; petals recurved, oblong, 1.5 × 0.5 mm, apex obtuse; lip linear, 6–12 × 1.5–2 mm, base extended into 2 rounded, linear lobes, projecting distally, partially surrounding column, distal half split into 2 linear-lanceolate lobes with minute tooth in sinus; column 0.5–1 × 0.5–1 mm. |
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Capsules | semierect, subglobose, 5 × 4 mm. |
horizontal, ovoid, 8 × 5 mm, with relatively few large seeds. |
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Listera cordata |
Listera australis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jan (Fla)–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Rich humus of low moist woods, marshes, sphagnum bogs, usually in association with rhizomes of cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea) and royal fern (O. regalis) | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
n North America; Europe; Asia (Japan); Iceland
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AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VT; NB; NS; ON; QC
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Perianth parts of Listera australis persist as capsules mature. This is such a small orchid that it can easily be overlooked; it may have a wider distribution than recorded here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 588. | FNA vol. 26, p. 587. | ||||
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Ophrys cordata, Bifolium cordatum, Diphryllum cordatum, Distomaea cordata, Neottia cordata, Pollinirhiza cordata | Bifolium australe, Diphryllum australe, Neottia australis, Ophrys australis | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) R. Brown: in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. (1813) | Lindley: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 456. (1840) | ||||
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