Listera caurina |
Listera ovata |
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northwest twayblade, northwestern twayblade |
common twayblade, eggleaf twayblade |
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Habit | Plants 5–30 cm. | Plants 20–60 cm. |
Stem(s) | green, succulent, glabrous. |
green, stout, succulent, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade green, ovate to elliptic, 2.5–7 × 1.8–4.5 cm, apex rounded to obtuse or subacute. |
blade yellow-green to green, ovate-elliptic, 10–17 × 10–12 cm, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | 5–30-flowered, lax, 50–130 mm; floral bracts rhombic-ovate to lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous to slightly glandular; peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent. |
10–100-flowered, lax to dense, 10–50 cm; floral bracts lanceolate, 3 × 1 mm; peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent. |
Flowers | yellowish green, small; pedicel filiform, 4–12 mm, glandular-puberulent; sepals and petals distinct and free, spreading, only slightly reflexed; dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2.8–4 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate; lateral sepals linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, falcate, 2.8–4 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate; petals linear to linear-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 2.8–3.5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate; lip sessile, cuneate to obovate, 4.5–6 × 2–4.5 mm, apex rounded to retuse, apiculate, apical margin slightly erose or crenulate; disc with pair of dark green stripes, each swollen at base and with small horn 1 mm from top of each swelling; column short, 1.5–2 × 1 mm. |
yellowish green; pedicels stout, 3–4 mm, slightly glandular-pubescent; sepals and petals projecting forward, connivent, forming hood over column; dorsal sepal ovate, concave, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals ovate, concave, falcate, 4 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse; petals linear, concave, 4 × 1 mm, apex obtuse; lip acutely deflexed near base, sessile, linear, apical 1/2 expanded, cleft into bluntly rounded lobes separated by tooth in sinus; disc with longitudinal thickened ridge leading to deflection, 8–10 × 4 mm; column short, 2 × 1.5 mm. |
Capsules | semierect, ovoid to subglobose, 5 × 4 mm, glabrous. |
semierect, ellipsoid, 10 × 6 mm. |
2n | = 34. |
= 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42. |
Listera caurina |
Listera ovata |
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Phenology | Flowering late Apr–Sep. | Flowering late Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Dry litter of mixed and coniferous forests, dense moist, coniferous forests, and on boggy wooded slopes, also damp to wet conditions on moss-covered rocks or in mossy soil | Moist rich humus, or in disturbed areas |
Elevation | 100–2200 m (300–7200 ft) | 700–800 m (2300–2600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
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ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Listera ovata is a large, robust, aggressive, and exceedingly common orchid weed found in many kinds of habitat throughout Europe into Siberia and India. It may have the potential to become a weedy orchid in North America just as Epipactis helleborine. Listera ovata was used by Charles Darwin in his investigation and description of the method of cross-fertilization in the genus Listera. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 591. | FNA vol. 26, p. 591. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. retusa, Neottia caurina, Ophrys caurina | Ophrys ovata, Diphryllum ovatum, Distomaea ovata, Epipactis ovata, Helleborine ovata, Neottia latifolia, Neottia ovata |
Name authority | Piper: Erythea 6: 32. (1898) | (Linnaeus) R. Brown: in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. (1813) |
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