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northwest twayblade, northwestern twayblade

common twayblade, eggleaf twayblade

Habit Plants 5–30 cm. Plants 20–60 cm.
Stem(s)

green, succulent, glabrous.

green, stout, succulent, glabrous.

Leaves

blade green, ovate to elliptic, 2.5–7 × 1.8–4.5 cm, apex rounded to obtuse or subacute.

blade yellow-green to green, ovate-elliptic, 10–17 × 10–12 cm, apex acute.

Inflorescences

5–30-flowered, lax, 50–130 mm;

floral bracts rhombic-ovate to lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous to slightly glandular;

peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent.

10–100-flowered, lax to dense, 10–50 cm;

floral bracts lanceolate, 3 × 1 mm;

peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

yellowish green, small;

pedicel filiform, 4–12 mm, glandular-puberulent;

sepals and petals distinct and free, spreading, only slightly reflexed;

dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2.8–4 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate;

lateral sepals linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, falcate, 2.8–4 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate;

petals linear to linear-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 2.8–3.5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate;

lip sessile, cuneate to obovate, 4.5–6 × 2–4.5 mm, apex rounded to retuse, apiculate, apical margin slightly erose or crenulate;

disc with pair of dark green stripes, each swollen at base and with small horn 1 mm from top of each swelling;

column short, 1.5–2 × 1 mm.

yellowish green;

pedicels stout, 3–4 mm, slightly glandular-pubescent;

sepals and petals projecting forward, connivent, forming hood over column;

dorsal sepal ovate, concave, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse;

lateral sepals ovate, concave, falcate, 4 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse;

petals linear, concave, 4 × 1 mm, apex obtuse;

lip acutely deflexed near base, sessile, linear, apical 1/2 expanded, cleft into bluntly rounded lobes separated by tooth in sinus;

disc with longitudinal thickened ridge leading to deflection, 8–10 × 4 mm;

column short, 2 × 1.5 mm.

Capsules

semierect, ovoid to subglobose, 5 × 4 mm, glabrous.

semierect, ellipsoid, 10 × 6 mm.

2n

= 34.

= 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42.

Listera caurina

Listera ovata

Phenology Flowering late Apr–Sep. Flowering late Jun–Jul.
Habitat Dry litter of mixed and coniferous forests, dense moist, coniferous forests, and on boggy wooded slopes, also damp to wet conditions on moss-covered rocks or in mossy soil Moist rich humus, or in disturbed areas
Elevation 100–2200 m (300–7200 ft) 700–800 m (2300–2600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
Discussion

Listera ovata is a large, robust, aggressive, and exceedingly common orchid weed found in many kinds of habitat throughout Europe into Siberia and India. It may have the potential to become a weedy orchid in North America just as Epipactis helleborine. Listera ovata was used by Charles Darwin in his investigation and description of the method of cross-fertilization in the genus Listera.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 591. FNA vol. 26, p. 591.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera
Sibling taxa
L. auriculata, L. australis, L. borealis, L. convallarioides, L. cordata, L. ovata, L. smallii
L. auriculata, L. australis, L. borealis, L. caurina, L. convallarioides, L. cordata, L. smallii
Synonyms L. retusa, Neottia caurina, Ophrys caurina Ophrys ovata, Diphryllum ovatum, Distomaea ovata, Epipactis ovata, Helleborine ovata, Neottia latifolia, Neottia ovata
Name authority Piper: Erythea 6: 32. (1898) (Linnaeus) R. Brown: in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. (1813)
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