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auricled twayblade

heart-leaf twayblade

Habit Plants 5–25 cm. Plants 5–33 cm.
Stems

pale green, succulent, glabrous.

green to reddish purple, succulent, glabrous.

Leaves

blade pale green, suborbiculate to suborbiculate-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2.5–6 × 1.5–4.2 cm, apex subobtuse.

blade broadly to narrowly ovate-cordate or deltate, 0.9–2(–4) × 0.7–2(–3.8) cm, apex mucronate.

Inflorescences

5–20-flowered, lax, 20–100 mm;

floral bracts broadly elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 2–7 × 1–2 mm, apex obtuse;

peduncle and rachis densely glandular-puberulent;

bracts, pedicel, and ovary glabrous to rarely glabrate.

5–25-flowered, lax to dense, 20–100 mm, slender;

floral bracts ovate, 1–1.5 × 1 mm;

peduncle and rachis slightly glandular-puberulent or glabrate;

bracts, pedicel, and ovary glabrous.

Flowers

pale green to blue-green, fading whitish with age;

pedicels stout, 2.5–5 mm, glabrous, rarely glabrate;

sepals and petals reflexed away from column and lip;

dorsal sepal elliptic-obovate, 3–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm, apex subobtuse;

lateral sepals elliptic, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, strongly falcate, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm, apex subobtuse to acute;

petals linear-oblong to linear, falcate, 3–3.7 × 0.8 mm, apex obtuse;

lip obovate to oblong, base of lip with auricles curving around and clasping base of column, apex slightly expanded, cleft approximately 1/5–1/3 its length, forming 2 broadly rounded lobes, margins ciliate;

disc 3-veined with lateral veins branched, base with ridge in center;

column arcuate, 2.5–3.3 × 1 mm, dilated at distal end.

yellow-green, green, or reddish purple;

pedicel slender, 2–3 mm;

dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2–3 × 1 mm, apex obtuse;

lateral sepals ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, slightly falcate, 2–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm, apex obtuse;

petals elliptic to oblong-linear, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm, apex obtuse;

lip linear-oblong, cleft 1/2 –2/3 its length into 2 linear-lanceolate lobes, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

disc with pair of spreading, linear lobes, apices acute;

column 0.5 × 0.5 mm.

Capsules

horizontal to semi-erect, ellipsoid, 8 × 4 mm.

semierect, subglobose, 5 × 4 mm. 

Listera auriculata

Listera cordata

Phenology Flowering late Jun–Aug.
Habitat Alluvial soils in low, moist, hardwood forests or mixed hardwood-coniferous forests, shrub swamps, sphagnum bogs, requires soil that remains cool throughout summer, with high degree of acidity
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; VT; WI; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
from USDA
n North America; Europe; Asia (Japan); Iceland
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Leaves of Listera auriculata forma trifolia (Lepage) Lepage are three in a whorl.

Listera auriculata crosses with L. convallarioides to produce a natural hybrid L. ×veltmanii Case, originally discovered by H. S. Veltman and F. W. Case in 1962. The hybrid is almost exactly intermediate between its putative parents, and it is usually associated with one or the other parent (P. M. Catling 1976). Occasionally it appears to backcross with the parent species. Plants of the hybrid, although intermediate between the two putative parents, frequently differ from the parents in being much taller (to 2.5 dm). Also, the glandular pubescence of the pedicels and ovaries of the hybrid is shorter and sparser than that of the rachis; in L. convallarioides the glandular pubescence is as dense and long on pedicels as on the rachis, continuing on the ribs of the ovary. Pedicels and ovaries of L. auriculata are glabrous. The hybrids may be distinguished by using the following key.

Listera ×veltmanii flowers in July and August. Its habitat is intermediate between those typical of the parents and apparently is often disturbed; 500–800 m. It is known from New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Lip not clawed, sessile or essentially so; auricles or lobes at base of lip curving around and clasping base of column.
L. auriculata
1. Lip clawed, not sessile; auricles or lobes absent or projecting laterally away from column.
→ 2
2. Auricles or lobes at base of lip absent.
L. convallarioides
2. Auricles or lobes present at base of lip, projecting laterally away from column.
L. ×veltmanii
1. Leaf blades 0.7–2 cm wide; lip 3–4 mm; flowers yellow-green, green, or reddish purple.
var. cordata
1. Leaf blades 1.8–3.8 cm wide; lip 5–6 mm; flowers green to yellow-green.
var. nephrophylla
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 589. FNA vol. 26, p. 588.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Neottieae > subtribe Limodorinae > Listera
Sibling taxa
L. australis, L. borealis, L. caurina, L. convallarioides, L. cordata, L. ovata, L. smallii
L. auriculata, L. australis, L. borealis, L. caurina, L. convallarioides, L. ovata, L. smallii
Subordinate taxa
L. auriculata, L. convallarioides, L. ×veltmanii
L. cordata var. cordata, L. cordata var. nephrophylla
Synonyms Bifolium auriculatum, Neottia auriculata, Ophrys auriculata Ophrys cordata, Bifolium cordatum, Diphryllum cordatum, Distomaea cordata, Neottia cordata, Pollinirhiza cordata
Name authority Wiegand: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 166, plate 356, fig. 2. (1899) (Linnaeus) R. Brown: in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. (1813)
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