Linum virginianum |
Linum trigynum |
|
---|---|---|
Virginia yellow flax, woodland flax, woodland yellow flax |
French flax |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, 15–80 cm, glabrous. | Herbs, annual, 10–50 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, branches 1–several from base, unbranched proximal to inflorescence. |
erect or spreading, few-branched. |
Leaves | proximal 4–10 pairs opposite, distal alternate, erect to spreading; stipular glands absent; blade of proximal leaves spatulate, central and distal elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to apiculate. |
alternate, spreading to ascending; stipular glands absent; blade linear-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 5–10 × 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acuminate. |
Inflorescences | corymbs. |
panicles. |
Pedicels | 1–10 mm. |
1–5 mm. |
Flowers | sepals persistent, lanceolate-ovate, inner shorter, broader, thinner than outer, outer sepals 2–4 mm, margins not scarious, inner sepals usually with a few small, sessile glands along margin distal to middle, rarely eglandular, outer ones entire, apex acute to acuminate; petals yellow, obovate (sometimes notched at apex), 3–5.5 mm; stamens 1.2–3 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm; staminodia absent; styles distinct, 1–2 mm; stigmas capitate. |
sepals persistent, lanceolate to ovate, 3–4 mm, margins of inner sepals broadly scarious, densely glandular-ciliate, glandular-toothed, apex acuminate to setaceous; petals lemon yellow, oblong to obovate, 4–6 mm; stamens 1.5 mm; anthers 0.3 mm; staminodia present or absent; styles distinct, 1 mm; stigmas linear. |
Capsules | globose, carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially, 1.3–1.8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing freely into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, proximal margins usually sparsely and inconspicuously few-ciliate. |
subglobose, 2 mm diam., apex sharp-pointed (easily crushed), readily dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa incomplete, margins of true septa ciliate. |
Seeds | 1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
1.1 × 0.9–1 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
= 20. |
Linum virginianum |
Linum trigynum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Open woods, fields, thickets, roadsides. | Grasslands. |
Elevation | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) | 100–200 m. (300–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON
|
CA; s Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia] |
Discussion | Linum virginianum lacks prominent marginal teeth on the inner sepals, thus distinguishing it from L. striatum. It has a less elongate inflorescence and lacks the ribbed branchlets found in L. striatum (C. M. Rogers 1984). The corollas of L. virginianum are nearly rotate; all parts of the flower are yellow except the brownish anthers. Its capsules shatter readily and often are absent on herbarium sheets. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Linum trigynum is one of three species in sect. Linopsis subsect. Halolinum (Planchon) C. M. Rogers. This section is characterized as having separate styles, linear stigmas, and incomplete false septa. Linum trigynum is homostylous; the other two species, L. maritimum Linnaeus and L. tenue Desfontaines, are heterostylous. Two populations of L. trigynum have been reported in Sonoma County on the Jenner and Fort Ross State Historic Park headlands, both with hundreds of individuals and apparently persisting. Where native, the species sometimes occurs on serpentine soils, and it is reported as a weed in western Australia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 385. | FNA vol. 12, p. 394. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cathartolinum virginianum | L. gallicum |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) |
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