Linum virginianum |
Linum rigidum |
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Virginia yellow flax, woodland flax, woodland yellow flax |
stiffstem flax |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 15–80 cm, glabrous. | Herbs, annual, 15–50 cm, glabrous throughout or puberulent near base of stem. | ||||
Stems | erect, branches 1–several from base, unbranched proximal to inflorescence. |
erect, branches few, fastigiate or spreading-ascending. |
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Leaves | proximal 4–10 pairs opposite, distal alternate, erect to spreading; stipular glands absent; blade of proximal leaves spatulate, central and distal elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to apiculate. |
alternate, erect; stipular glands present or absent; blade linear, 11–30 × 0.7–1.6 mm, margins entire or distally sparsely toothed, not ciliate, apex acute. |
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Inflorescences | corymbs. |
panicles or cymes. |
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Pedicels | 1–10 mm. |
4.5–9 mm. |
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Flowers | sepals persistent, lanceolate-ovate, inner shorter, broader, thinner than outer, outer sepals 2–4 mm, margins not scarious, inner sepals usually with a few small, sessile glands along margin distal to middle, rarely eglandular, outer ones entire, apex acute to acuminate; petals yellow, obovate (sometimes notched at apex), 3–5.5 mm; stamens 1.2–3 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm; staminodia absent; styles distinct, 1–2 mm; stigmas capitate. |
sepals deciduous, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 5.5–9.5 mm, margins of inner sepals conspicuously scarious, all conspicuously glandular-toothed, apex sharply acute to acuminate; petals coppery yellow or orange, red-lined or with short pale to deep brown-red zone at base, obovate with short claw, 6–18 mm; stamens 6–8 mm; anthers 1–1.8(–2.3) mm; staminodia absent; styles connate nearly to apex, 3–11 mm; stigmas pale, capitate. |
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Capsules | globose, carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially, 1.3–1.8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing freely into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, proximal margins usually sparsely and inconspicuously few-ciliate. |
ellipsoid, 3.5–4.5 × 2.6–3.4 mm, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments blunt or subacute, persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins not ciliate. |
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Seeds | 1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
2.6–3.6 × 0.9–1.2 mm. |
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2n | = 36. |
= 30. |
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Linum virginianum |
Linum rigidum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Open woods, fields, thickets, roadsides. | |||||
Elevation | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON
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AR; CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK; n Mexico
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Discussion | Linum virginianum lacks prominent marginal teeth on the inner sepals, thus distinguishing it from L. striatum. It has a less elongate inflorescence and lacks the ribbed branchlets found in L. striatum (C. M. Rogers 1984). The corollas of L. virginianum are nearly rotate; all parts of the flower are yellow except the brownish anthers. Its capsules shatter readily and often are absent on herbarium sheets. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The corollas of Linum rigidum are funnelform at the base, opening out into a broader bowl. The styles and stamens are yellow, although the distinct portion of the style may be slightly maroon; the stigmas are grayish or light green. The stems of L. rigidum are angled. Its capsule walls are so thin that the dark seeds can be seen through them. C. M. Rogers (1984) noted that L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. compactum, and both varieties of L. rigidum are closely related, and that there is some overlap in character expressions, not easily resolved in a dichotomous key. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 385. | FNA vol. 12, p. 391. | ||||
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cathartolinum virginianum | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 210. (1813) | ||||
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