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Virginia yellow flax, woodland flax, woodland yellow flax

King's flax, perennial yellow flax

Habit Herbs, perennial, 15–80 cm, glabrous. Herbs, perennial, caudex woody, 5–30 cm, glabrous and glaucous.
Stems

erect, branches 1–several from base, unbranched proximal to inflorescence.

ascending to erect from decumbent base, branched from base.

Leaves

proximal 4–10 pairs opposite, distal alternate, erect to spreading;

stipular glands absent;

blade of proximal leaves spatulate, central and distal elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to apiculate.

alternate throughout or proximal opposite, divergent, erect or spreading;

stipular glands absent;

blade narrowly lanceolate, 5–25 × 1–3 mm, thick (basal leaves), margins entire, not ciliate, apex rounded to subacute; 1-nerved.

Inflorescences

corymbs.

panicles or thyrses.

Pedicels

1–10 mm.

1–5 mm.

Flowers

sepals persistent, lanceolate-ovate, inner shorter, broader, thinner than outer, outer sepals 2–4 mm, margins not scarious, inner sepals usually with a few small, sessile glands along margin distal to middle, rarely eglandular, outer ones entire, apex acute to acuminate;

petals yellow, obovate (sometimes notched at apex), 3–5.5 mm;

stamens 1.2–3 mm;

anthers 0.5–1 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles distinct, 1–2 mm;

stigmas capitate.

sepals persistent, lanceolate to ovate or broadly oblong, 2.5–4.5 mm, margins not scarious, inner glandular-toothed, outer entire or sparsely glandular-toothed near apex, apex acute to ± obtuse, not acuminate;

petals bright yellow, oblanceolate to obovate, 5–12 mm;

stamens 3–8 mm;

anthers 1.5–2.5 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles distinct, 4–7 mm;

stigmas capitate.

Capsules

globose, carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially, 1.3–1.8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing freely into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, proximal margins usually sparsely and inconspicuously few-ciliate.

ovoid-pyriform, 2.3–4 × 2.8–3.6 mm, apex pointed (easily crushed), freely dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa incomplete, proximal margins ciliate.

Seeds

1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm.

2–2.7 × 1–1.4 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 26.

Linum virginianum

Linum kingii

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat Open woods, fields, thickets, roadsides. Open slopes, often on barren alkaline clay or rocky calcareous substrates.
Elevation 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) 1400–3400 m. (4600–11200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; ID; NV; UT; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Linum virginianum lacks prominent marginal teeth on the inner sepals, thus distinguishing it from L. striatum. It has a less elongate inflorescence and lacks the ribbed branchlets found in L. striatum (C. M. Rogers 1984). The corollas of L. virginianum are nearly rotate; all parts of the flower are yellow except the brownish anthers. Its capsules shatter readily and often are absent on herbarium sheets.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Linum kingii is low, compact, and much branched. All parts of the flowers are yellow. The corolla is nearly rotate, the petals are abruptly narrowed to a claw, the styles are at right angles to the flower axis, and the anthers are relatively large. Linum kingii is extremely variable in habit and in size of floral and vegetative parts, even within a population or within a single plant (C. M. Rogers 1984).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 385. FNA vol. 12, p. 382.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Synonyms Cathartolinum virginianum Cathartolinum kingii, Mesyniopsis kingii
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 49. (1871)
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