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Virginia yellow flax, woodland flax, woodland yellow flax

flowering flax, flowering or red or scarlet or crimson flax, red flax, scarlet flax

Habit Herbs, perennial, 15–80 cm, glabrous. Herbs, annual, 10–60 cm, glabrous, glaucous.
Stems

erect, branches 1–several from base, unbranched proximal to inflorescence.

ascending or sometimes decumbent at base, usually freely branched.

Leaves

proximal 4–10 pairs opposite, distal alternate, erect to spreading;

stipular glands absent;

blade of proximal leaves spatulate, central and distal elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to apiculate.

blade linear to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 10–30 × 2–3(–7) mm.

Inflorescences

corymbs.

cymes, few-flowered.

Pedicels

1–10 mm.

10–25 mm.

Flowers

sepals persistent, lanceolate-ovate, inner shorter, broader, thinner than outer, outer sepals 2–4 mm, margins not scarious, inner sepals usually with a few small, sessile glands along margin distal to middle, rarely eglandular, outer ones entire, apex acute to acuminate;

petals yellow, obovate (sometimes notched at apex), 3–5.5 mm;

stamens 1.2–3 mm;

anthers 0.5–1 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles distinct, 1–2 mm;

stigmas capitate.

heterostylous;

sepals lanceolate, 7–11 mm, margins glabrous, apex acuminate;

petals bright red to maroon, fading to purple, broadly obovate, 15–30 mm;

stamens 8–10 mm;

anthers 5 mm;

staminodia not seen;

styles connate proximal 1/2, 4.5 mm (short-styled) or 8–10 mm (long-styled);

stigmas clavate.

Capsules

globose, carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially, 1.3–1.8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing freely into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, proximal margins usually sparsely and inconspicuously few-ciliate.

ovoid-globose, 6–7 mm diam., apex apiculate, segments persistent on plant, margins not seen.

Seeds

1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm.

2–3 × 0.5–1 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 16.

Linum virginianum

Linum grandiflorum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering Apr–Sep.
Habitat Open woods, fields, thickets, roadsides. Disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) 0–2700 m. (0–8900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; CO; FL; KY; NE; NY; OH; PA; TX; UT; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Linum virginianum lacks prominent marginal teeth on the inner sepals, thus distinguishing it from L. striatum. It has a less elongate inflorescence and lacks the ribbed branchlets found in L. striatum (C. M. Rogers 1984). The corollas of L. virginianum are nearly rotate; all parts of the flower are yellow except the brownish anthers. Its capsules shatter readily and often are absent on herbarium sheets.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Linum grandiflorum occasionally escapes from gardens and persists along roadsides and trails. This showy garden plant has blue anthers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 385. FNA vol. 12, p. 377.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Synonyms Cathartolinum virginianum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) Desfontaines: Fl. Atlant. 1: 277, plate 78. (1798)
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