Linum virginianum |
Linum carteri |
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Virginia yellow flax, woodland flax, woodland yellow flax |
Carter's flax |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 15–80 cm, glabrous. | Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, 23–60 cm, puberulent or ± scabrous on angles near base or throughout. | ||||
Stems | erect, branches 1–several from base, unbranched proximal to inflorescence. |
erect, usually unbranched below inflorescence, sometimes branched at base. |
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Leaves | proximal 4–10 pairs opposite, distal alternate, erect to spreading; stipular glands absent; blade of proximal leaves spatulate, central and distal elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to apiculate. |
alternate, spreading; stipular glands present or absent; blade linear, 15–30 × 0.6–1.4 mm, margins entire or distalmost glandular-toothed, not ciliate, apex long-attenuate. |
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Inflorescences | corymbs. |
ascending or spreading cymes. |
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Pedicels | 1–10 mm. |
4.5–9 mm. |
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Flowers | sepals persistent, lanceolate-ovate, inner shorter, broader, thinner than outer, outer sepals 2–4 mm, margins not scarious, inner sepals usually with a few small, sessile glands along margin distal to middle, rarely eglandular, outer ones entire, apex acute to acuminate; petals yellow, obovate (sometimes notched at apex), 3–5.5 mm; stamens 1.2–3 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm; staminodia absent; styles distinct, 1–2 mm; stigmas capitate. |
sepals deciduous, lanceolate, inner sepals slightly shorter than outer, outer ones 4.5–7 mm, margins of inner sepals narrowly scarious, all glandular-toothed, apex short-awned; petals orange-yellow, broadly obovate, 10–17 mm; stamens 4.5–7 mm; anthers 0.8–2.3 mm; staminodia absent; styles connate nearly to apex, 4–6 mm; stigmas capitate. |
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Capsules | globose, carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially, 1.3–1.8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing freely into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, proximal margins usually sparsely and inconspicuously few-ciliate. |
ovoid, 4–5 × 3.4–3.7 mm, thick textured, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins ciliate. |
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Seeds | 1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
2.3–2.8 × 1–1.3 mm. |
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2n | = 36. |
= 60. |
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Linum virginianum |
Linum carteri |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Open woods, fields, thickets, roadsides. | |||||
Elevation | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON
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FL |
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Discussion | Linum virginianum lacks prominent marginal teeth on the inner sepals, thus distinguishing it from L. striatum. It has a less elongate inflorescence and lacks the ribbed branchlets found in L. striatum (C. M. Rogers 1984). The corollas of L. virginianum are nearly rotate; all parts of the flower are yellow except the brownish anthers. Its capsules shatter readily and often are absent on herbarium sheets. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The stems of Linum carteri are ribbed. The corollas are broadly bowl-shaped and all parts of the flower are yellow except the bright green stigmas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 385. | FNA vol. 12, p. 393. | ||||
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cathartolinum virginianum | Cathartolinum carteri | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) | Small: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 424. (1905) | ||||
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