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Virginia yellow flax, woodland flax, woodland yellow flax

Carter's flax

Habit Herbs, perennial, 15–80 cm, glabrous. Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, 23–60 cm, puberulent or ± scabrous on angles near base or throughout.
Stems

erect, branches 1–several from base, unbranched proximal to inflorescence.

erect, usually unbranched below inflorescence, sometimes branched at base.

Leaves

proximal 4–10 pairs opposite, distal alternate, erect to spreading;

stipular glands absent;

blade of proximal leaves spatulate, central and distal elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to apiculate.

alternate, spreading;

stipular glands present or absent;

blade linear, 15–30 × 0.6–1.4 mm, margins entire or distalmost glandular-toothed, not ciliate, apex long-attenuate.

Inflorescences

corymbs.

ascending or spreading cymes.

Pedicels

1–10 mm.

4.5–9 mm.

Flowers

sepals persistent, lanceolate-ovate, inner shorter, broader, thinner than outer, outer sepals 2–4 mm, margins not scarious, inner sepals usually with a few small, sessile glands along margin distal to middle, rarely eglandular, outer ones entire, apex acute to acuminate;

petals yellow, obovate (sometimes notched at apex), 3–5.5 mm;

stamens 1.2–3 mm;

anthers 0.5–1 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles distinct, 1–2 mm;

stigmas capitate.

sepals deciduous, lanceolate, inner sepals slightly shorter than outer, outer ones 4.5–7 mm, margins of inner sepals narrowly scarious, all glandular-toothed, apex short-awned;

petals orange-yellow, broadly obovate, 10–17 mm;

stamens 4.5–7 mm;

anthers 0.8–2.3 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles connate nearly to apex, 4–6 mm;

stigmas capitate.

Capsules

globose, carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially, 1.3–1.8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing freely into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, proximal margins usually sparsely and inconspicuously few-ciliate.

ovoid, 4–5 × 3.4–3.7 mm, thick textured, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins ciliate.

Seeds

1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm.

2.3–2.8 × 1–1.3 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 60.

Linum virginianum

Linum carteri

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct.
Habitat Open woods, fields, thickets, roadsides.
Elevation 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Linum virginianum lacks prominent marginal teeth on the inner sepals, thus distinguishing it from L. striatum. It has a less elongate inflorescence and lacks the ribbed branchlets found in L. striatum (C. M. Rogers 1984). The corollas of L. virginianum are nearly rotate; all parts of the flower are yellow except the brownish anthers. Its capsules shatter readily and often are absent on herbarium sheets.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

The stems of Linum carteri are ribbed. The corollas are broadly bowl-shaped and all parts of the flower are yellow except the bright green stigmas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants 23–30 cm; stems puberulent or scabrous on angles throughout; stipular glands usually present.
var. carteri
1. Plants 30–60 cm; stems sparsely puberulent or scabrous on angles only at base of plant; stipular glands usually absent.
var. smallii
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 385. FNA vol. 12, p. 393.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Subordinate taxa
L. carteri var. carteri, L. carteri var. smallii
Synonyms Cathartolinum virginianum Cathartolinum carteri
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) Small: Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 424. (1905)
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