Linum virginianum |
Linum berlandieri |
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Virginia yellow flax, woodland flax, woodland yellow flax |
Berlandier's yellow flax |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 15–80 cm, glabrous. | Herbs, usually annual, rarely perennial, 5–40 cm, glabrous except hirsutulous near base and sometimes on stem angles. | ||||
Stems | erect, branches 1–several from base, unbranched proximal to inflorescence. |
spreading-ascending, branching basally in inflorescence, sometimes throughout. |
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Leaves | proximal 4–10 pairs opposite, distal alternate, erect to spreading; stipular glands absent; blade of proximal leaves spatulate, central and distal elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to apiculate. |
basal leaves opposite, or alternate throughout, spreading; stipular glands usually present; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 10–25 × 1–4 mm, margins entire or few small teeth on distal leaves, not ciliate, apex acute; mostly 3-nerved. |
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Inflorescences | corymbs. |
dense, ± flat-topped panicles. |
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Pedicels | 1–10 mm. |
4–20 mm. |
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Flowers | sepals persistent, lanceolate-ovate, inner shorter, broader, thinner than outer, outer sepals 2–4 mm, margins not scarious, inner sepals usually with a few small, sessile glands along margin distal to middle, rarely eglandular, outer ones entire, apex acute to acuminate; petals yellow, obovate (sometimes notched at apex), 3–5.5 mm; stamens 1.2–3 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm; staminodia absent; styles distinct, 1–2 mm; stigmas capitate. |
sepals deciduous, lanceolate, inner somewhat broader, 6–12 mm, margins of inner sepals densely and delicately glandular-toothed, outer ones scarious, conspicuously and more coarsely but less densely glandular-toothed than inner, apex acute or attenuate; petals yellow to orange, sometimes reddish below middle, broadly obovate, 11–19 mm; stamens 4–9 mm; anthers 1–2 mm; staminodia absent; styles connate nearly to apex, 6–9 mm; stigmas capitate. |
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Capsules | globose, carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially, 1.3–1.8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing freely into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, proximal margins usually sparsely and inconspicuously few-ciliate. |
broadly ovoid to triangular-ovoid, tapering abruptly to flattened base, 3.6–4.7 × 3–4 mm, thick- or thin-walled, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments blunt or subacute, persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins not ciliate. |
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Seeds | 1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
2.6–3.4 × 1–1.6 mm. |
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2n | = 36. |
= 30. |
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Linum virginianum |
Linum berlandieri |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Open woods, fields, thickets, roadsides. | |||||
Elevation | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON
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AR; CO; KS; LA; NE; NM; OK; TX; n Mexico
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Discussion | Linum virginianum lacks prominent marginal teeth on the inner sepals, thus distinguishing it from L. striatum. It has a less elongate inflorescence and lacks the ribbed branchlets found in L. striatum (C. M. Rogers 1984). The corollas of L. virginianum are nearly rotate; all parts of the flower are yellow except the brownish anthers. Its capsules shatter readily and often are absent on herbarium sheets. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The stems of Linum berlandieri are ribbed. The corollas range from pale yellow to deep orange, with darker veins and little color banding to deeply maroon at base. Styles and stamens may be yellow or the distinct portions of the styles somewhat maroon. The capsule walls are opaque, thicker than those in L. rigidum. C. M. Rogers (1984) noted that some populations of Linum berlandieri in western Texas are morphologically intermediate between the two varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 385. | FNA vol. 12, p. 393. | ||||
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cathartolinum virginianum | L. rigidum var. berlandieri | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) | Hooker: Bot. Mag. 63: plate 3480. (1836) — (as berendieri) | ||||
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