Linum virginianum |
Linum arenicola |
|
---|---|---|
Virginia yellow flax, woodland flax, woodland yellow flax |
sand flax |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, 15–80 cm, glabrous. | Herbs, perennial (flowering 1st year), 25–70 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, branches 1–several from base, unbranched proximal to inflorescence. |
erect, usually multiple from base, sometimes 1, unbranched or few-branched proximal to inflorescence, slender, wiry, prominently ribbed in inflorescence. |
Leaves | proximal 4–10 pairs opposite, distal alternate, erect to spreading; stipular glands absent; blade of proximal leaves spatulate, central and distal elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to apiculate. |
early deciduous, alternate or basalmost opposite, appressed-ascending; stipular glands present, reddish, becoming dark; blade linear, 5–15 × 0.5–1.2 mm, margins entire or with scattered minute marginal glands, not ciliate, apex acute; 1-nerved. |
Inflorescences | corymbs. |
cymes. |
Pedicels | 1–10 mm. |
0–2 mm. |
Flowers | sepals persistent, lanceolate-ovate, inner shorter, broader, thinner than outer, outer sepals 2–4 mm, margins not scarious, inner sepals usually with a few small, sessile glands along margin distal to middle, rarely eglandular, outer ones entire, apex acute to acuminate; petals yellow, obovate (sometimes notched at apex), 3–5.5 mm; stamens 1.2–3 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm; staminodia absent; styles distinct, 1–2 mm; stigmas capitate. |
sepals persistent, lanceolate to ovate or inner ones sometimes obovate, outer sepals 2.5–3.6 mm, margins hyaline, not scarious, all glandular-toothed, apex acuminate; petals yellow, obovate, 4–6.5 mm; stamens 3 mm; anthers 0.3–0.7 mm; staminodia present or absent; styles distinct, 2–3 mm; stigmas capitate. |
Capsules | globose, carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially, 1.3–1.8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing freely into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, proximal margins usually sparsely and inconspicuously few-ciliate. |
pyriform, 2–2.5 mm diam., apex pointed, dehiscing readily into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa incomplete, margins of septa ciliate. |
Seeds | 1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
1–1.5 × 0.6–1 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
Linum virginianum |
Linum arenicola |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering Feb–Jun(–Sep). |
Habitat | Open woods, fields, thickets, roadsides. | Shallow soils of ephemeral pools, calcareous soils, slash pine woods over oölite, pine-palmetto rocklands, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON
|
FL |
Discussion | Linum virginianum lacks prominent marginal teeth on the inner sepals, thus distinguishing it from L. striatum. It has a less elongate inflorescence and lacks the ribbed branchlets found in L. striatum (C. M. Rogers 1984). The corollas of L. virginianum are nearly rotate; all parts of the flower are yellow except the brownish anthers. Its capsules shatter readily and often are absent on herbarium sheets. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
All parts of Linum arenicola flowers are yellow; the stamens are held close to the styles, with anthers at the same level as stigmas. The staminodia are low, deltoid, and less than 0.5 mm. Linum arenicola is only known from about nine sites in Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys in Monroe County. Its habitat of pine rocklands has been almost completely destroyed by urban development and altered fire regimes. J. R. McDill (2009) reported that L. arenicola grouped with L. rupestre (southwestern United States), L. flagellare (Small) H. J. P. Winkler (southcentral Mexico), and L. bahamense Northrop (Bahamas), all perennials with many branches arising from a woody taproot or caudex. Linum arenicola and L. bahamense both occur on calcareous soils, and C. M. Rogers (1984) considered them to be closely related. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 385. | FNA vol. 12, p. 380. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cathartolinum virginianum | Cathartolinum arenicola |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) | (Small) H. J. P. Winkler: in H. G. A. Engler et al., Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 19a: 116. (1931) |
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