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Virginia yellow flax, woodland flax, woodland yellow flax

Allred's flax

Habit Herbs, perennial, 15–80 cm, glabrous. Subshrubs, to 25 cm, puberulent or glabrescent in proximal 1/3, otherwise glabrous; roots relatively thick, lateral.
Stems

erect, branches 1–several from base, unbranched proximal to inflorescence.

stiffly ascending, suffrutescent from woody branching base.

Leaves

proximal 4–10 pairs opposite, distal alternate, erect to spreading;

stipular glands absent;

blade of proximal leaves spatulate, central and distal elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 15–25 × 3–7 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to apiculate.

alternate, tightly appressed or ascending to spreading;

stipular glands present throughout, dark;

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, proximal and midstem leaves 3–10(–12) mm, distal leaves 3–7 × 0.6–1 mm, margins of proximal and midstem leaves entire, distal serrulate, teeth usually gland-tipped, not ciliate, apex of proximal and midstem leaves mucronate, distal acuminate-aristate.

Inflorescences

corymbs.

few-flowered panicles;

bracts with irregular scarious margins.

Pedicels

1–10 mm.

2–3 mm, conspicuously articulated.

Flowers

sepals persistent, lanceolate-ovate, inner shorter, broader, thinner than outer, outer sepals 2–4 mm, margins not scarious, inner sepals usually with a few small, sessile glands along margin distal to middle, rarely eglandular, outer ones entire, apex acute to acuminate;

petals yellow, obovate (sometimes notched at apex), 3–5.5 mm;

stamens 1.2–3 mm;

anthers 0.5–1 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles distinct, 1–2 mm;

stigmas capitate.

sepals deciduous, lanceolate, 4.5–7 mm, margins not scarious, glandular-toothed, apex acute-aristate, glabrous; prominently 1-nerved;

petals pumpkin yellow with a wide, pale, red band distal to a deeply wine red band at base, broadly obovate, 10–13 mm;

stamens 5.5–7 mm;

anthers 1.2–1.6 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles connate nearly to apex, 7–9 mm;

stigmas dark, capitate.

Capsules

globose, carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially, 1.3–1.8 × 2–2.5 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing freely into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, proximal margins usually sparsely and inconspicuously few-ciliate.

ovoid, 3.7–4 × 3 mm, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, translucent, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins ciliate.

Seeds

1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 mm.

2.4–2.7 × 0.9–1.1 mm.

2n

= 36.

Linum virginianum

Linum allredii

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering Apr.
Habitat Open woods, fields, thickets, roadsides. Gypsum soils.
Elevation 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) 1100–1200 m. (3600–3900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NM; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Linum virginianum lacks prominent marginal teeth on the inner sepals, thus distinguishing it from L. striatum. It has a less elongate inflorescence and lacks the ribbed branchlets found in L. striatum (C. M. Rogers 1984). The corollas of L. virginianum are nearly rotate; all parts of the flower are yellow except the brownish anthers. Its capsules shatter readily and often are absent on herbarium sheets.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Linum allredii is a rare endemic known from seven to 12 occurrences in the Yeso Hills border region of New Mexico and Texas, apparently restricted to gypsum soils. When Sivinski and Howard described this species, they noted that it occurs only on pale, sandy, biologically crusted gypsum distinct from adjacent, darker gypsum. The corollas are deeply bowl-shaped. The filaments and styles are the same pumpkin color as the petals, the stigmas are dark maroon, and the pollen is bright yellow. Linum allredii and L. kingii are the only species in the flora area growing from a woody base.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 385. FNA vol. 12, p. 388.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. westii
L. alatum, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Synonyms Cathartolinum virginianum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 279. (1753) Sivinski & M. O. Howard: Phytoneuron 2011-33: 1, figs. 1, 3. (2011)
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