Linum usitatissimum |
Linum neomexicanum |
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common flax, cultivated flax, flax-seed, lin cultivé, lin-seed |
New Mexico yellow flax |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 20–100 cm, glabrous or glabrate throughout. | Herbs, annual, 15–60 cm, glabrous, sometimes glaucous. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or few-branched at base (all flowering). |
erect or shortly decumbent at base, becoming erect, branched from near base. |
Leaves | divergent; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 10–40 × 1.5–5 mm. |
usually only proximalmost opposite, sometimes to midstem, distal alternate, erect to ± spreading; stipular glands absent; blade of proximal leaves narrowly to broadly elliptic-oblanceolate, 10–15 × 1.5–2.5 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex subacute to acuminate; 1-nerved. |
Inflorescences | open panicles. |
slender thyrses. |
Pedicels | erect in fruit, to 20–25 mm. |
1–4 mm. |
Flowers | homostylous; sepals ovate, 6–9 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer ciliate, apex acuminate; petals usually blue, rarely white, obovate, 10–15 mm; stamens 5–7 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm; staminodia present; styles distinct or connate at base, 3–6 mm; stigmas linear or clavate. |
sepals persistent, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3–5.3 mm, margins not scarious, inner ones conspicuously glandular-toothed, outer entire or very sparsely glandular-toothed, apex acute to acuminate; petals yellow, oblanceolate, 4–7 mm; stamens 3–5 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm; staminodia absent; styles distinct, 1.5–3 mm; stigmas capitate. |
Capsules | ovoid to subglobose, 6–10 × 5–10 mm, apex rounded, dehiscing incompletely, segments falling freely, margins ciliate or not. |
triangular-ovoid to broadly ovoid, 2.5–3.5 × 2.7–3.5 mm, apex obtuse, somewhat tardily dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa incomplete, proximal margins ciliate. |
Seeds | 4–6 × 2.5–3 mm. |
2–2.5 × 1.1–1.3 mm. |
2n | = 30. |
= 26. |
Linum usitatissimum |
Linum neomexicanum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering (Mar–)Jul–Sep(–Nov). |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, abandoned homesteads, fields. | Pine and oak woodlands. |
Elevation | 0–2400 m. (0–7900 ft.) | (600–)1300–2900 m. ((2000–)4300–9500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in c Mexico, Central America, s South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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AZ; NM; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Sonora)
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Discussion | Linum usitatissimum has been cultivated since antiquity, and it is this cultivated form that has naturalized in the wild. Flax fibers twisted to make rope or dyed for fabric dated 32,000–26,000 years before present were found in a cave in Dzudzuana, Georgia (E. Kvavadze et al. 2009). Stem fibers of L. usitatissimum are used to make linen; the seeds are pressed to produce linseed oil; the rest of the seeds are compacted into cakes and used as fodder. Linum usitatissimum is the only species in the flora area except L. bienne that has linear stigmas and minutely ciliate inner sepals. It can be distinguished from L. bienne by its larger, apically rounded capsules. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Within its range, Linum neomexicanum is the only species of Linum with yellow flowers and distinct styles. Its inflorescence is more slender than other species. The corollas are nearly rotate and the styles may be at nearly right angles to the flower axis, to spreading, or to ultimately ascending. J. R. McDill (2009) found that L. neomexicanum is most closely related to L. kingii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 374. | FNA vol. 12, p. 381. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 277. (1753) | Greene: Bot. Gaz. 6: 183. (1881) — (as neo-mexicanum) |
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