Linum usitatissimum |
Linum imbricatum |
|
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common flax, cultivated flax, flax-seed, lin cultivé, lin-seed |
tuft flax |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, 20–100 cm, glabrous or glabrate throughout. | Herbs, annual, 3–30 cm, glabrous proximally, conspicuously short hirsute distally with stout-based hairs. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or few-branched at base (all flowering). |
spreading to ascending or erect, branched from base. |
Leaves | divergent; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 10–40 × 1.5–5 mm. |
proximalmost opposite, middle and distal alternate, closely imbricate, proximal leaves spreading-ascending, distal strongly appressed; stipular glands absent; blade linear-lanceolate, 5–9 × 0.5–1.2 mm, margins entire, distal leaves sparsely ciliate, apex short-awned; midrib cartilaginous. |
Inflorescences | open panicles. |
panicles; bracts ciliate. |
Pedicels | erect in fruit, to 20–25 mm. |
2–11 mm. |
Flowers | homostylous; sepals ovate, 6–9 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer ciliate, apex acuminate; petals usually blue, rarely white, obovate, 10–15 mm; stamens 5–7 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm; staminodia present; styles distinct or connate at base, 3–6 mm; stigmas linear or clavate. |
sepals persistent, ovate, 4.2–6.1 mm, margins broad, purplish, scarious, prominently toothed distally, not glandular-toothed, apex conspicuously awn-shaped; petals yellow, with or without dark red base, obovate, 6.5–8 mm; stamens 5 mm; anthers 0.6–1.2 mm; staminodia absent; styles connate to within 0.3–0.8 mm of apex, 2–4.3 mm; stigmas capitate. |
Capsules | ovoid to subglobose, 6–10 × 5–10 mm, apex rounded, dehiscing incompletely, segments falling freely, margins ciliate or not. |
broadly ovoid, 2.6–3 × 2.9–3.3 mm, apex rounded, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa hyaline, with cartilaginous portion conspicuously broader near base, proximal margin appressed-pilose, otherwise glabrous. |
Seeds | 4–6 × 2.5–3 mm. |
2–2.6 × 1.1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 30. |
= 30. |
Linum usitatissimum |
Linum imbricatum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, abandoned homesteads, fields. | Sandy or rocky open ground. |
Elevation | 0–2400 m. (0–7900 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in c Mexico, Central America, s South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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LA; OK; TX |
Discussion | Linum usitatissimum has been cultivated since antiquity, and it is this cultivated form that has naturalized in the wild. Flax fibers twisted to make rope or dyed for fabric dated 32,000–26,000 years before present were found in a cave in Dzudzuana, Georgia (E. Kvavadze et al. 2009). Stem fibers of L. usitatissimum are used to make linen; the seeds are pressed to produce linseed oil; the rest of the seeds are compacted into cakes and used as fodder. Linum usitatissimum is the only species in the flora area except L. bienne that has linear stigmas and minutely ciliate inner sepals. It can be distinguished from L. bienne by its larger, apically rounded capsules. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Linum imbricatum stamens have red filaments and yellow pollen and anthers, a very showy combination against the broadly bowl-shaped, butter yellow corollas often with a broad, wine red base. The stems are terete proximally and strongly ribbed distally; the sepals persist even in fruit. Linum imbricatum occurs in southern Oklahoma, is scattered in Texas, and is known from one report from Acadia Parish, Louisiana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 374. | FNA vol. 12, p. 387. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nezera imbricata | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 277. (1753) | (Rafinesque) Shinners: Field & Lab. 25: 32. (1957) |
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