The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

common flax, cultivated flax, flax-seed, lin cultivé, lin-seed

tuft flax

Habit Herbs, annual, 20–100 cm, glabrous or glabrate throughout. Herbs, annual, 3–30 cm, glabrous proximally, conspicuously short hirsute distally with stout-based hairs.
Stems

erect, unbranched or few-branched at base (all flowering).

spreading to ascending or erect, branched from base.

Leaves

divergent;

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 10–40 × 1.5–5 mm.

proximalmost opposite, middle and distal alternate, closely imbricate, proximal leaves spreading-ascending, distal strongly appressed;

stipular glands absent;

blade linear-lanceolate, 5–9 × 0.5–1.2 mm, margins entire, distal leaves sparsely ciliate, apex short-awned;

midrib cartilaginous.

Inflorescences

open panicles.

panicles;

bracts ciliate.

Pedicels

erect in fruit, to 20–25 mm.

2–11 mm.

Flowers

homostylous;

sepals ovate, 6–9 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer ciliate, apex acuminate;

petals usually blue, rarely white, obovate, 10–15 mm;

stamens 5–7 mm;

anthers 1–1.5 mm;

staminodia present;

styles distinct or connate at base, 3–6 mm;

stigmas linear or clavate.

sepals persistent, ovate, 4.2–6.1 mm, margins broad, purplish, scarious, prominently toothed distally, not glandular-toothed, apex conspicuously awn-shaped;

petals yellow, with or without dark red base, obovate, 6.5–8 mm;

stamens 5 mm;

anthers 0.6–1.2 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles connate to within 0.3–0.8 mm of apex, 2–4.3 mm;

stigmas capitate.

Capsules

ovoid to subglobose, 6–10 × 5–10 mm, apex rounded, dehiscing incompletely, segments falling freely, margins ciliate or not.

broadly ovoid, 2.6–3 × 2.9–3.3 mm, apex rounded, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa hyaline, with cartilaginous portion conspicuously broader near base, proximal margin appressed-pilose, otherwise glabrous.

Seeds

4–6 × 2.5–3 mm.

2–2.6 × 1.1–1.5 mm.

2n

= 30.

= 30.

Linum usitatissimum

Linum imbricatum

Phenology Flowering Apr–Sep. Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Disturbed areas, roadsides, abandoned homesteads, fields. Sandy or rocky open ground.
Elevation 0–2400 m. (0–7900 ft.) 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in c Mexico, Central America, s South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
LA; OK; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Linum usitatissimum has been cultivated since antiquity, and it is this cultivated form that has naturalized in the wild. Flax fibers twisted to make rope or dyed for fabric dated 32,000–26,000 years before present were found in a cave in Dzudzuana, Georgia (E. Kvavadze et al. 2009). Stem fibers of L. usitatissimum are used to make linen; the seeds are pressed to produce linseed oil; the rest of the seeds are compacted into cakes and used as fodder. Linum usitatissimum is the only species in the flora area except L. bienne that has linear stigmas and minutely ciliate inner sepals. It can be distinguished from L. bienne by its larger, apically rounded capsules.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Linum imbricatum stamens have red filaments and yellow pollen and anthers, a very showy combination against the broadly bowl-shaped, butter yellow corollas often with a broad, wine red base. The stems are terete proximally and strongly ribbed distally; the sepals persist even in fruit. Linum imbricatum occurs in southern Oklahoma, is scattered in Texas, and is known from one report from Acadia Parish, Louisiana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 374. FNA vol. 12, p. 387.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Synonyms Nezera imbricata
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 277. (1753) (Rafinesque) Shinners: Field & Lab. 25: 32. (1957)
Web links