Linum usitatissimum |
Linum elongatum |
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common flax, cultivated flax, flax-seed, lin cultivé, lin-seed |
Laredo flax |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 20–100 cm, glabrous or glabrate throughout. | Herbs, perennial (sometimes flowering in 1st year), 15–30 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or few-branched at base (all flowering). |
erect to ascending, branches diffuse. |
Leaves | divergent; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 10–40 × 1.5–5 mm. |
alternate, ascending; stipular glands present throughout or at distal nodes only; blade linear, 5–25 × 0.5–1 mm, margins entire, sometimes glandular, not ciliate, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | open panicles. |
panicles. |
Pedicels | erect in fruit, to 20–25 mm. |
10 mm. |
Flowers | homostylous; sepals ovate, 6–9 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer ciliate, apex acuminate; petals usually blue, rarely white, obovate, 10–15 mm; stamens 5–7 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm; staminodia present; styles distinct or connate at base, 3–6 mm; stigmas linear or clavate. |
sepals deciduous, mostly lanceolate, 6–11 mm, margins not scarious, all conspicuously glandular-toothed, apex attenuate; petals yellow-orange to salmon or brownish red, with prominent wine-colored band proximal to middle, broadly obovate, 14–18 mm; stamens 5–6 mm; anthers 1.5–2.5 mm; staminodia absent; styles connate nearly to apex, 7–9.5 mm; stigmas capitate. |
Capsules | ovoid to subglobose, 6–10 × 5–10 mm, apex rounded, dehiscing incompletely, segments falling freely, margins ciliate or not. |
ovoid, 4 × 3 mm, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segment persistence unknown, apex blunt or subacute, minutely apiculate, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins not ciliate. |
Seeds | 4–6 × 2.5–3 mm. |
3 × 1.2–1.3 mm. |
2n | = 30. |
= 30. |
Linum usitatissimum |
Linum elongatum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering Feb–May. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, abandoned homesteads, fields. | Often on hard-packed, often red, sandy soils. |
Elevation | 0–2400 m. (0–7900 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in c Mexico, Central America, s South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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TX; Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) |
Discussion | Linum usitatissimum has been cultivated since antiquity, and it is this cultivated form that has naturalized in the wild. Flax fibers twisted to make rope or dyed for fabric dated 32,000–26,000 years before present were found in a cave in Dzudzuana, Georgia (E. Kvavadze et al. 2009). Stem fibers of L. usitatissimum are used to make linen; the seeds are pressed to produce linseed oil; the rest of the seeds are compacted into cakes and used as fodder. Linum usitatissimum is the only species in the flora area except L. bienne that has linear stigmas and minutely ciliate inner sepals. It can be distinguished from L. bienne by its larger, apically rounded capsules. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The stems of Linum elongatum are ribbed. In the flora area, it occurs in southern Texas, especially along the Rio Grande, and in south central Texas. The yellow-orange to salmon or brownish red petals with the distinctive wine-colored band proximal to the middle, brick red anthers, and wine-colored stigmas make the flowers of L. elongatum striking. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 374. | FNA vol. 12, p. 391. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cathartolinum elongatum | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 277. (1753) | (Small) H. J. P. Winkler: in H. G. A. Engler et al., Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 19a: 116. (1931) |
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